Timeline for How did the same perfect-tense structure become so widespread in Europe?
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| Jan 25, 2015 at 1:29 | comment | added | Atamiri | @user8017 In Russian it's dialectal. In Czech it's used in a restricted context (with a clear reference to the present). It's not a tense (yet?) but it's getting grammaticalized. | |
| Jan 25, 2015 at 1:25 | comment | added | user8017 | @Atamiri - There may be a general tendency to use verbs meaning "have" in certain perfective contexts -- e.g. English I have my trip planned, or Spanish Tengo planificada mi estrategia -- but that seems different from making this construction the default marker of the perfect. How widespread are the constructions you mention in Russian and Czech? | |
| Jan 24, 2015 at 8:50 | comment | added | Atamiri | @sumelic The participles of intransitive verbs acquired the active meaning through reanalysis that occurred probably later (when the habeo-perfect was already established). It can be found in many Slavic dialects also (Silesian: jeżech póńdzóny "I have left", literally "I am left", Macedonian: tamu e biden monastir "there was a monastery", lit. "there is been...", etc.) but I don't think it's relevant here. | |
| Jan 24, 2015 at 8:42 | comment | added | Atamiri | In Macedonian, it's through language contact (Aromanian). In NW Russian it might have been via language contact, too (as Trubinsky speculates). But there's a general tendency to use possessive constructions to express state of completion. Czech and Russian have similar constructions that didn't emerge through language contact. | |
| Jan 22, 2015 at 23:11 | comment | added | brass tacks | Depends on what you mean exactly, there aren't active past participles for transitive verbs, but you could consider the intransitive verbs that take "sein" in German or "être" in French as auxiliaries to have active past participles. | |
| Jan 22, 2015 at 10:46 | history | edited | user8017 | CC BY-SA 3.0 |
added 205 characters in body
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| Jan 22, 2015 at 10:38 | history | answered | user8017 | CC BY-SA 3.0 |