DISCLAIMER: I'm not a linguist and I don't have an authoritative source to back my reasoning, so take my answer with a grain of salt.
Grammatical case reflects the grammatical function performed by a word in a phrase, clause or sentence. Noun in a given case (e.g. úi-ge) remains a noun and retains its meaning.
That gives us multiple good reasons to not treat the word-forming suffixes, like -siz, as additional grammatical cases:
suffix doesn't reflect the grammatical function of a word in a sentence;
suffix changes the part of speech, úi-siz becomes an adjective (as @AdamBittlingmayer said in the comments);
suffix doesn't reflect the grammatical function of a word in a sentence;
suffix creates a new word, with a new meaning (as @kabraxis said in the comments);
this new word, can have a grammatical case of its own:
- nominative úi-siz - homeless
- genitive úı-siz-diń - of homeless
- dative úı-siz-ge - to homeless
- accusative úı-siz-di - homeless
- locative úı-siz-de - by (at?) homeless
- ablative úı-siz-den - from homeless
- instrumental úı-siz-ben - with homeless
suffixes can be combined multiple times, creating new words: úi-siz-dei - like a homeless, úi-siz-der-siz - without homeless.
It's much more convenient to treat úi-siz as a new word than a case of úi.