For some time I've been looking for a dictionary of Old Norse that reflects an early situation in the language; this kind of resource has been amazingly hard to find, for some reason. Most dictionaries I find reflect a bit of a later stage than what I am looking for, usually reflecting a dialect (most commonly Old West Norse).
All the dictionaries I've seen have undergone shifts from <ǫ́>
to <á>
and <ʀ>
to <r>
, have usually merged <æ>
and <œ>
and have undergone a more Icelandic shift of <t>
to <ð>
in various positions. They also fail to represent the distinction between <ę>
and <e>
found only in the earlier language. I think all of them additionally have later forms of the copula as well (vera
, er
versus vesa
, es
).
Additionally, I would also be interested if anyone knows and could recommend an Old Norse dictionary that preserves nasalisation on vowels (as per the First Grammatical Treatise) in any stage of the language (i.e. not obligatorily an older form of Old Norse).
I'm basically asking if anyone knows of an Old Norse dictionary that doesn't rely on a later dialect (say, dictionaries of Old Norwegian or Old Icelandic which are most often labelled as Old Norse) and instead gives older, more archaic forms of words, as used around 800 AD, that preserve all the vowel and consonant contrasts of an older stage of Old Norse. I'm also looking for a grammar of such a stage of Old Norse and would be immensely grateful if anyone could provide. I would appreciate if the resources were web-based but, knowing that books would most likely contain this as opposed to the Internet, I won't mind resources in print.