Often sentences or parts of sentences are combined with verbs or pronoun + verb. However, they don't describe something of the content of the text, they just help to bring the parts or sentences in some kind of a relation (am I right?).
Examples:
Trees are green. This means they are plants.
Trees are green, meaning they are plants.
Trees are green, that shows that trees are plants.
What is the name for this type of grammar? Is that a special type of a conjunction? Or is it somehow connected to adjuncts?