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G was created out of C by adding an additional line, for an obvious reason as they represented similar sounds in Latin.
But why is Q pretty much O with an additional line? These two letter do not seem to have anything in common. Is it just a coincidence or they were somehow connected in old Latin?
O is basically just a circle, so unlike with C/G, the visual similarity with Q is trivial. You could equally wonder if C being O with a chunk taken out has to do with anything.
Q and O derive from two different Phoenician letters, qop and ayin; back then, they actually did have something in common since both were "throaty" consonants; however, since the shape of the letters is ultimately hieroglyphic, the similarity is either accidental or — if we credit the theory that the hieroglyphic meaning of qop was "eye of a needle" — based on a real-world visual similarity, since ayin/O represented a (literal) eye.
