These (and some others) are all quite similar raspy sounds to most ears and by features other than place of articulation:
[χ]
unvoiced uvular fricative[x]
unvoiced velar fricative[ç]
unvoiced palatal fricative
And in fact in many languages two of these are merely reflexes of a single phoneme. Sometimes all three are reflexes of the same phoneme, other times another sound may also be a reflex of the same phoneme.
But I'm unable to think of any language in which any two of /χ/
, /x/
, and /ç/
are separate even at the phoneme level.
Are there languages which have two, or all three, of these as separate phonemes?
[x]
and[χ]
when pronounced in the Spanish of that area:[xiˈχõ̞ɴ]
. (But compare Asturian[ʃiˈʃõŋ]
.) However, those are just allophones that occur to phonemic/x/
due to regressive assimilation from the vowel following. Chilean Spanish can have[ç]
for/x/
, in some positions, too. But none of these have minimal pairs, because they are not phonemic.