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In most (or all?) of Germanic languages questions are created by inversion. E.g.:
"I am here." -> "Am I here?"
As far as I know most of Slavic languages do it simply by adding a word before the sentence. Something like:
"I am here." -> "If I am here?"
Are there any other "methods" of creating a question? I'm especially interested if there exist languages that use inflection in order to do it? Something like:
"I am here." -> "I is here?"
Yes there are other ways of constructing questions. Many Australian languages use a verbal auxiliary which carries some modal meaning, to which they then attach subject and object agreement clitics. The Walmajarri language changes the auxiliary to create polar questions (source, p93):
yani pa-lu mangawarnti went AUX-3pl girls 'The girls went.' yani nga-lu mangawarnti went AUX-3pl girls 'Did the girls go?'
Standard Korean has an interrogative inflection (as opposed to declarative, imperative and propositive moods), as part of the property known as the "pragmatic mood". It is characterised by -ㅂ니까 -mnikka for vowel stems or -습니까 -seumnikka for consonant stems in the formal polite level (as in 합니까 hamnikka and 있습니까 issseumnikka) and -느냐 -neunya for the formal plain level (하느냐 haneunya / 있느냐 issneunya). Adjectives (i.e. descriptive verbs) have a different inflection for the formal plain level: -냐 -nya for vowel stems and -으냐 -eunya for consonant stems. For all forms, this may be abbreviated to -니 -ni in speech.
There is generally no formal inflection distinction in the intimate (informal plain) [although many other interrogative forms are used, e.g. -지 -ji], the general polite (informal polite), the authoritative (semi-formal polite) and familiar (semi-formal, semi-polite).
Interestingly enough, the Gyeongsang dialect group of Korean (including Busan), in its informal plain layer, distinguishes between yes-no questions and wh-questions by inflection, with an -아 -a or -나 -na for yes-no questions and -오 -o or -노 -no for wh-questions.
Chinese adds a particle "ma" to form polar questions from declaratives.
You good 'you are good'
you good irr 'Are you good?'
Similarly, many Andean languages have clitics to form wh- and polar questions from declaratives and imperatives.
Japanese has a particle /ka/ <か> added to the end of the sentence that marks it as a question.
Declarative: Anata wa nihonjin desu
Question: Anata wa nihonjin desu ka
