I can’t speak for all languages (or even for all English speakers/English dictionaries), but according to ‘The American Heritage Dictionary’ it seems that the expansion/extension of the meaning of “decimate” that you mention has occurred/is recognized in American English:
For “decimate, in 2005:
”81 percent of the [American Heritage Dictionary] Usage Panel accepted this extension [from its historical, 1/10th meaning to “the killing of any large proportion of a population”] in the [following] sentence: ‘The Jewish population of Germany was decimated by the war,’ even though it is common knowledge that the number of Jews killed was much greater than a tenth of the original population.”
Only 36% of this same panel, however, accepted the word’s further extension to non-human killing/destruction in the following sentence: “The supply of fresh produce was decimated by the nuclear accident at Chernobyl.”
On the other hand, (with the same disclaimer and from the same source), the expansion/extension of “literally” from its traditional, “word-for-word” meaning to its expanded, “really/actually” (cf: your “badly”/“a lot”) meaning and use as an intensifier has met with more resistance (than has “decimate”) in English, especially when used in an attempt to intensify metaphors:
For literally, in 2004 “only 23 percent of the Panel accepted the following sentence, in which “literally” undercuts the sentence's central metaphor:
“The situation was especially grim in England where industrialism was literally swallowing the country's youth.”
When used with “a dead metaphor, which functions as a set phrase and evokes no image for most people, … [t]he Panel mustered more enthusiasm … [with] … 37 percent accept[ing]: “He was literally out of his mind with worry.”
”[However,] when there is no metaphor at all, a substantial majority of the Panel was willing to allow ‘literally’ to be used as an intensifier; 66 percent accepted the sentence “They had literally no help from the government on the project.”
(all from ‘The American Heritage Dictionary’ and the “Usage Problems”/“Usage Notes” under their entries for “decimate” and “literally”)