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When a language is being transcribed to IPA, is the whispering included in the transcription? If so, how?
I saw the Wikipedia mention about not being anything for whispering, but I was wondering if this has ever been analysed in some paper or article.
My thinking on this is as follows. Whispering in regular languages isn't usually semantically or phonemically salient. It's almost always just a modulation of speech in compensation for the physical or social environment. For this reason it's not transcribed in phonetic notation, just like shouting is usually not transcribed.
Sometimes whispering can be phonetically salient, though. This is rarely if ever the case as part of a language's sound system, so there hasn't been any need to notate it much.
Now, whispering is definitely phonetically salient is in the study of speech disorders. Dysphonation of various types is found among those with disordered speech. This includes inappropriate whispered, creaky, faucalized, unvoiced, mouthed, etc. phonations, ingressive airstreams, etc. Fascinatingly, though the Extensions to the IPA[PDF] do not actually include a mechanism for indicating whispered phonation! Wikipedia says they do, but it's not clear to me that this is actually true.
The IPA does include a variety of diacritics for phonation types, but whisper is not included.
While the IPA proper does not support transcribing whispering, the ExtIPA supposedly uses the under-dot (U+0323 COMBINING DOT BELOW) for "whispery phonation", if you believe Wikipedia. From this chart:
However, the linked ExtIPA 2002 chart does not list this diacritic.
The article "My Client Is Using Non-English Sounds! A Tutorial in Advanced Phonetic Transcription Part III: Prosody and Unattested Sounds" also discusses the extIPA (and does not list the diacritic). The paper also describes a non-IPA system (VoQS) for indicating phonation of stretches of speech, which seems to distinguish 3 types of whisper!
I don't think so. Wikipedia, although not the most reliable source, says on its article on whispering:
There is no symbol in the IPA for whispered phonation, since it is not used phonemically in any language. However, a sub-dot under phonemically voiced segments is sometimes seen in the literature, as [ʃʊ̣ḍ] for whispered should.
However, one could write the sounds as they are spoken. For instance, you could could write [lɪŋgwɪstɪks]with the needed unvoiced symbols.
