Transliteration-transcription method for ancient Greek & Arabic

Question

I am currently working on a paper that deals with a Psalm from the Septuagint known as the Violet fragment - LXX, Psalm 77.The particular verses i am interested in, are written in Greek uncials, however translated in Arabic, using the same Greek script( so technically it consists a phonetic transcription- translation of the text).

What i want to do is transcribe and transliterate both Greek and Arabic text. Which transcription method is considered more suitable and easy to use when transcribing Greek from that period? Also, when it comes to dealing with the translated in Arabic text written in Greek, shall i transcribe, or transliterate the text?

Answer 1

Since all of the text is written entirely in the Greek alphabet, a direct and straightforward transliteration is possible. There is a widely-accepted standard for Greek transliteration based on the methods the Romans used, which is the most common way for Ancient and Koine Greek names to be Romanized nowadays.

Eta and omega are transcribed with macra: ē, ō
Gamma before a velar is transcribed with an n (e.g: angelos, "angel")
Rough breathing is transcribed with an h
All other letters are transcribed in the "obvious" way based on their ancient pronunciation:
Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω
A B G D E Z Ē Th I K L M N X O P R S T Y Ph Ch Ps Ō

Some authors use c for kappa, kh for chi, ks for xi, or u for hypsilon, but readers will recognize any of these variants without difficulty (and none of them cause ambiguity).

Any variant or archaic Greek letters should be mentioned specifically. Using ś for san, w for digamma, and q for qoppa is common, for example, but I would be very confused finding any of those in a transcription without them being explained.