I'm looking for examples like this pair:
Russian for 'grass snake' — уж, [uʂ]
Classical Latin for 'snake' — anguis, likely [ˈaŋ.ɡᶣɪs]
These word forms are both masculine nouns in the nominative, and they seem to derive from a masculine noun in the nominative, *h₂éngʷʰis or something like that. So basically we can continuously trace them to a common origin, which is a word form of roughly the same type, with no restructuring, reanalyzing or borrowing along the way as far as we can tell. Yet looking at the transcriptions, [uʂ] vs [ˈaŋ.ɡᶣɪs] are staggeringly different, to the point where these words actually don't share a single sound and have different syllable structures.
What are some examples like this, but between two modern languages?
(Word forms need to go back to the same word form, complete with suffixes and endings, always passing down through first language acquisition, i.e. no borrowings, and need to look and sound wildly different in their modern incarnations, but do not need to mean the same thing.)