I personally define "language" as a system of body actions that are generally supplemented by sound, representing one or more "meaning" or "message" (logic datum) for an organism itself and/or other organisms, while logic datums (data) can be grasped emotionally and/or cognitively (as a "think").
I would say that besides communicating by general-body-language and maybe also by some yet to be discovered other forms of signal communication ("telepathy-like" communication forms), the following earthly organisms are generally vocal-communication-abled
organisms;
Thus their language is consisted by at least general-body-language
AND vocal talking
:
- Cats that vocally communicate by meow based words and yowling/howling and gargling
- Dogs that vocally communicate by barking and yowling/howling and shouting in a threat-like manner
- Dolphins (I feel as if this is a very complicated and controversial topic I know nothing about)
- Non human humanoids such as apps and possibly also archaic humans
- Birds (which unlike the above are not mammals) that can communicate by types of consonant-vowel combinations and/or singing and some can also talk similarly to a human
One could further speak about grooming and/or accessories (seeing sense), pheromones and/or perfuming (smell sense), tasty food gifts one finds moral to eat (taste sense) but these expand beyond sound and touch.
My question
With the possible exception of talking birds,
what is the essential difference between human languages to other earthly animalia organism languages,
(especially vocally)?