Many of the originally Barbarian names in history were Christianized. Many Christian saints with Slavic/Germanic names were given similar-sounding Greek and Latin names. In this way "Kuzma" (blacksmith) became "Cosmas", "Mariam" became "Maria", a feminine form of the old Roman name Marius.
Was there a Greek or Roman name Jesus so that "Yehoshuah" was named Jesus in translation?
I found that *h₁esus meant "good" in PIE.
"Iesous" isn't a Greek-sounding name, and I can't imagine how there could be any influence from Latin. The name "Iesous" doesn't occur in Greek literature outside of Jewish and Christian contexts (first in the Septuagint, second century BC). According to the Wikipedia article on the name Yeshua, Jesus may have gone by Yeshua or even Yeshu. So the difference from the Greek form is not necessarily that great. Greek did not have the sound "sh" and seems to have borrowed foreign names that had this sound using "s". For instance, Samouel, from Hebrew Shmu'el and perhaps Kuros from Persian Kurush. (I expect there are many further examples, but these are all that come to me at the moment.)
Your precise question was whether there was a Greek or Latin name spelt “Jesus” or similarly before the advent of Christianity. The answer is yes. The Hebrew name Yəhošuăʻ (Joshua) is spelt Ἰησοῦς in the Septuagint (the pre-Christian Jewish translation of the Old Testament).
