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EG,

Apple Juice --> (The) Juice of Apple(s)

Gold Castle --> (The) Castle of Gold

Liver Disease --> Disease of (the) Liver

Et Al.

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    They're not "replacements", they're just alternative ways of constructing phrases. If anything, the "of" phrases are the replacements, as they are far more unusual phrases and would be marked in normal conversation.
    – curiousdannii ♦
    May 12, 2020 at 2:00
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    The process is known is compounding. It is a very productive mechanism in many languages. Compounds are viewed as single words insofar as the have one main word accent, although they are often written as two or more words.
    – Tim Osborne
    May 12, 2020 at 2:59

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You could see the two first side of the arrow as an example of noun-noun compounding. While there is a space separating the two words, the stress pattern of these phrases behaves more like a single unit.

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    They're specifically genitive tatpurusha compounds, though that term is not as common as it was (outside of Sanskrit grammar itself).
    – Cairnarvon
    May 12, 2020 at 3:34
  • “Gold castle” is stressed like adjective-noun for me.
    – brass tacks
    May 12, 2020 at 13:24
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    @ewawe: I agree. Gold castle isn't a compound. It could be, (like goldfinch, goldsmith) but it isn't, and doesn't have the stress pattern of a compound. Contrast black bird with blackbird.
    – Colin Fine
    May 12, 2020 at 15:02

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