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What would be the right way to normalize the Arabic Tāʼ marbūṭah character in Urdu loan words from Arabic/Farsi?
Would it be correct to replace ۃ with ہ (gōl hē)?
Or can we replace ۃ with ط (t̤oʼē) ?
What is the general norm for normalization?
Please also note that I have not asked if I can replace ۃ with ت (tē) because it could create ambiguities as described here.
I don't believe Arabic ۃ is ever replaced with ط (t̤oʼē) in Urdu.
Arabic ۃ is usually replaced with ہ (gōl hē) with the exception of a few well-known terms, such as: صلوٰۃ زکوٰۃ. Examples of Arabic words where it's replaced with ہ include کلمہ, طیّبہ, زیادہ.
If you know Urdu well enough, you can read some discussion on this message board which also points to some grammar reference.
جمهوريةtoجمہوریہ