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If possible, has it been documented which language(s) seem to have the most amount of redundant elements? The least amount?

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    It really depends on what you consider redundant. Any element that might be considered redundant from the point of view of formal semantics has social connotations that speakers exploit. If you take that into account there is no redundancy in language.
    – robert
    Commented Aug 25, 2013 at 14:32
  • See, for example, this little page: languagetutoring.co.uk/Redundancy.html Commented Aug 25, 2013 at 16:55
  • Also see this article: fountainmagazine.com/Issue/detail/… Commented Aug 25, 2013 at 17:00
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    And on the other side, if we go all the way through linguistic levels, down to the phonetic level, there are enough redundant clues that we can afford to leave out great chunks of language whenever we're sure they won't be missed. This is how languages change. Some estimates go as high as 90% redundancy in natural language. Otherwise we couldn't understand one another if there were any ambient noise. Redundancy is a design feature, not a but.
    – jlawler
    Commented Aug 25, 2013 at 19:03
  • That sposta be bug, with a G, there at the end of the last comment. Some things we shouldn't leave out.
    – jlawler
    Commented Aug 25, 2013 at 20:47

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