In mathematics, we usually see symbols that join two objects: numbers, sets, etc. The more familiar one is the equality symbol "=" which in a formal standpoint means "is logically identical to." My question is what are these types of terms called? Terms that connect two objects with some relation. Sorry, I'm not very familiar or knowledgeable about the field and concepts of linguistics, correct me if the question is too vague.
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5Are you looking for "predicate"? For example, in "cats hunt mice", "hunt" is a binary predicate that connects the entities "cats" and "mice".– Draconis ♦Aug 3 at 4:52
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Especially, are you looking for commutative predicates like marry? There are some, but very few. Every English predicate (function analog) has its own set of possible arguments, forbidden constructions, optional transformations, modifications when inside negative, modal, or quantifier scopes, plus selected short subjects. You're safe to think of them as largely unstudied special functions like zeta or gamma.– jlawlerAug 3 at 17:13
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If you want to see how predicates become verb phrases, try the logic guide and the verb phrase guide.– jlawlerAug 3 at 17:15