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The Attic-Ionic dialects of Ancient Greek underwent a sound change whereby, in a sequence of a long vowel followed by a short vowel, the quantities were switched: -V:V- became -VV:-, e.g. -e:o- > -eo:-.
Has a metathesis of this kind occurred -- or does it occur as a synchronic process -- in any other language?
I don't know of any language that has this sort of metathesis in vowels other than Hellenic, and since this has gone unanswered for over five years, I suspect there may not be one. But there are a few related phenomena which are worth mentioning.
Compensatory lengthening is a process that happens in several languages (including Ancient Greek): when a consonant is lost for any reason, the vowel before tends to be lengthened. For example, English "night" originally had a short /i/; when the /x/ after it was lost, the vowel lengthened, giving /i:/ (which became /aj/ in the Great Vowel Shift).
More relevantly, the Littera law ("inverse compensatory lengthening") is a sound change that happened in Latin in the early centuries BC. It's named after the word littera "letters", from earlier lītera; in certain environments, the sequence V:C became VC:. This happened with sonorants as well as plosives, such as flāma > flamma "flames".
