What IPA Symbols Are Equivalent to Each of These Middle High German Diacritics?

Question

I recently came across this article on the inclusion of certain superscript combining characters for use with representing Middle High German in Unicode. From what I understand, scribes and early printers of MHG used superscript letters in places where the umlaut became standard usage later, but there are also a lot of additional superscript combinations whose sounds I simply cannot figure out as written.

I was hoping that someone here who is knowledgeable in these matters may be able to transcribe the complete list of combinations (or even part of it if you are able to) provided in the article linked above into IPA for me (especially the ones that use superscript letters other than “e”, since I already understand that this superscript is equivalent to the later umlaut). Since these signs were used in Middle High German, I expect that the IPA sounds should be the sounds they made in MHG, but I am also interested if any of all of these combinations of letter and superscript have a modern equivalent in Standard (High) German. Thanks!

The list is as follows:

aͨ aͤ aͫ aͦ aͧ aͮ aͯ

cͪ cͥ cͮ

dͣ

eͣ eͨ eͩ eͥ eͬ

gͬ

hͤ

iͤ

mͭ

nͨ

oͣ oͨ oͤ oͦ oͮ

rͦ rͬ

uͨ uͤ uͥ uͦ uͮ

vͤ vͦ

Note: there is a related question on this topic on SX Linguistics, but unfortunately none of the answers cover the ground I am asking about here—only use of superscript “e” as a pre-modern version of the umlaut is discussed, of which I am already aware. I’m interested in what IPA sounds all of the other combinations of letter and superscript represented in Middle High German, and if there are modern analogs today.

Edit: If some of these symbols do not represent single phonemes in IPA, and it isn’t possible to represent it with multiple phonemes or IPA orthography at all for any reason, perhaps you instead indicate which sequence of MHG characters each is used to represent?

Answer 1

Most of the quoted characters do not stand for a single phoneme, they are either just a spelling convention for the sequence of the two characters or a scribal abbreviation whose reading may depend on the context where it occurs. The characters are usually used in so-called diplomatic editions, i.e., editions of medieval manuscripts that preserve some features of the handwriting.