All Questions
116 questions
2
votes
0
answers
44
views
Dependency grammar based dictionary
A presupposition of constructing the dependency semantic structure of a sentence is the knowledge of semantic features of all sentence's semantemes (actants, semantemes' nature as predicate or name ...
- 171
5
votes
1
answer
269
views
A predicate as argument of a predicate
In Dependency Grammar we consider the meaning of a wordform either as a semantic predicate (:=predicate) or as a semantic name. Let us suppose we have a predicate, which has a predicate as argument (e....
- 171
1
vote
0
answers
56
views
What theory of syntax and grammar do language typologists tend to prefer?
The first concerns the theory of syntax and grammar that typologists prefer:
What theory of syntax and grammar do language typologists tend to prefer? Do they prefer a transformational phrase ...
- 319
2
votes
0
answers
38
views
How do different grammar theory (e.g. PSG, FG) explain word order in different language? [closed]
In typology, how do different types of grammar theories (such as phrase structure grammar, functional grammar, etc.) explain different linear word order in different languages? I know that dependency ...
- 319
5
votes
1
answer
159
views
Analysis of relative pronouns in dependency grammar
A dependency grammar represents the structure of a clause as a set of pairs of words, such that the first "depends" on the second. My question is ultimately how loops are prevented in such a ...
- 993
5
votes
2
answers
2k
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Why isn’t it obvious that the grammars of natural languages cannot be context-free?
I've read that a context-free grammar is one in which every production rule is written in the way V -> a, where V is a non-terminal symbol and a is a chain of non-terminal and terminal symbols.
In ...
- 713
3
votes
3
answers
2k
views
What is the “Chomsky hierarchy”?
What truly is the Chomsky hierarchy?
I know it aims to categorize core features of “languages”.
But what essential properties does each type have? Why are they so distinctive? Why are there four? And ...
- 817
-3
votes
1
answer
94
views
Is there a formal system in Linguistics like Boolean algebra to reduce the grammar rules of a language to minimum items ignoring semantics? [closed]
To get the grammar rules down to the minimum necessary for teaching. Semantics not included.
This is example what what I am thinking about.
Grammar with all the semantics cut out, means it is easy to ...
- 111
6
votes
2
answers
792
views
What is dependency grammar and what are the possible relationships?
I have just started studying dependency grammar and I am really struggling with the relationship types and trees. I have only ever drawn classic syntactic trees so I keep getting confused. Could you ...
- 61
3
votes
1
answer
81
views
Name for ongoing syntactic dependencies after a word
Consider the sentence "I love my dog." There are three syntactic dependencies in this sentence: (a) the subject dependency from "I" to "love," (b) the modifier dependency ...
4
votes
0
answers
160
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Subject control or object control?
In the recent paper “Universal Dependencies” by de Larneffe, Manning, Nivre and Zeman, published in Computational Linguistics in 2021, page 277 the following example is given:
and it is said that ...
- 141
8
votes
1
answer
612
views
Government versus Agreement
Taking English as an example, as I understand things, the case of a pronominal Subject is governed by the verb—it must be nominative:
She loves elephants.
*Her loves elephants. (ungrammatical)
...
- 4,118
0
votes
1
answer
62
views
Dependency grammar on ditransitive objects
https://web.stanford.edu/~jurafsky/slp3/14.pdf
Page.23
I thought ditransitive verbs are head over direct objects and direct objects are head over indirect objects as in (b) System because I think ...
- 11
0
votes
0
answers
28
views
Other name for "Predeterminer"/"Noun Premodifier" Dependency Relation?
I'm reading a paper which makes use of word dependency relationships from the Stanford Dependencies (SD) list.
One such relation they refer to as "Predeterminer" and "Noun Premodifer&...
- 161
2
votes
0
answers
108
views
Turing-completeness of Minimalism and HPSG
I read several times that HPSG and Minimalism are Turing-complete. Could someone explain (or tell me some references) why this is the case? And does this constitute a major problem since natural ...
- 131
1
vote
0
answers
36
views
Which syntactic dependency parsers perform best on search query phrases?
Lots of NLP libraries contain syntactic dependencies parsers (e.g. spaCy, NLTK, Stanford NLP, Spark NLP...). As I understand it (please correct me if I'm wrong), these are mostly designed to parse ...
- 11k
0
votes
1
answer
73
views
Is there a Chinese translation of Tesniere's Elements of Syntactic Structure?
Is there a Chinese version of Elements of Syntactic Structure written by Tesniere? Has anyone ever translated it into Chinese?
- 703
0
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1
answer
147
views
Is there any connection between formalism and generativism [closed]
Is generativism originated from formalism? How formalism is related to linguistics
2
votes
1
answer
155
views
Do all frameworks of syntax view the string following an inverted auxiliary verb in English as the complement of the auxiliary?
This is a follow-up question of an earlier question titled:
In X bar theory, is the first auxiliary the head of an interrogative clause and the remainder the complement?
In that question, I had this ...
- 812
3
votes
1
answer
142
views
Does simple type theory distinguish between those common nouns that are used as arguments and those that are used as predicates?
Kearns (2011: 58-61) views the common noun dog to be of type <e, t>. This makes sense based upon the predicate use of such a noun, e.g. Those animals are dogs. What happens, though, when the ...
- 5,805
4
votes
1
answer
129
views
Combinatory categorial grammar for English
I am working on theoretical NLP things, in particular to do with combinatory categorial grammar (CCG). I don't have much knowledge of CCG, or of grammar in general.
I was wondering how much of English ...
- 41
6
votes
1
answer
227
views
To what extent was Chomsky influenced by Tesnière?
Kind of a question about the meta-history of linguistics as a discipline. Chomsky released 'Syntactic Structures' in the US in 1957; Tesnière released Éléments de syntaxe structurale posthumously ...
- 794
2
votes
2
answers
93
views
What is terminology for the difference between, for instance, "see" and "sees"?
To clarify, I'm referring to the terminology for the difference between just a the word "see" as a verb, and the word in a statement like "Alice sees Bob". What is the correct ...
- 21
2
votes
0
answers
72
views
*Compact* Context-Free Grammar for English
I have seen that similar questions have been asked here, but the common answer is to look at Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar. Then, on the internet I just find slides from computational ...
- 44
3
votes
0
answers
63
views
Interleaving (Cross serial dependency) using context sensitive grammars
I saw from different sources that Context Free Grammars are insufficient to generate cross serial dependencies (interleaving) in languages and it would require mildly context sensitive grammars to do ...
- 79
3
votes
3
answers
281
views
Can formal linguistics help language learning?
I am interested in the intersection between abstract, formal grammars/semantics of human language and the very concrete task of learning a new language. Are there any books whose presentation assumes ...
- 159
8
votes
3
answers
755
views
Why is the subject outside the VP in most theories of syntax?
I'm trying to understand why in most theories of syntax, the subject of a sentence is the sister of the verb, and not the child eg:
S -> NP VP instead of
VP -> NP V (NP...)
The latter feels more ...
- 181
2
votes
0
answers
1k
views
What exactly is the Structure-Dependency Principle
Could someone explain what structure-dependency is in layman terms, and why it's so important?
Resources I've found on the internet weren't of much help so I'm asking on here.
Thanks!
- 121
1
vote
1
answer
152
views
How to determine grammatical complexity using quantitative features?
I'm doing a research on defining the complexity of language used in technical documentations for technologies (libraries and modules) used in data science and machine learning engineering. And I'm ...
- 143
2
votes
1
answer
111
views
How can one best formalize dependency structures in terms of rules?
I am looking for guidance in forming mathematically-inspired rules for dependency syntax. I know about the rewrite rules for dependency structures produced by Hays (1964), but I am wondering whether ...
- 5,805
2
votes
1
answer
106
views
Is English modeled as a deterministic CFL or a CFL?
Books on linguistics and NLP often mention that English is modeled by context free grammars, but also is parsed by LR(k) parsers.
LR(k) parsers are for parsing deterministic CFLs, while CFLs are ...
- 913
3
votes
2
answers
155
views
Do formal language theory have concepts corresponding to dependency grammars?
If I am correct, phrase structure grammars in linguistics are the grammars for recursively enumerable languages.
Do formal language theory have concepts corresponding to dependency grammars, the ...
- 913
0
votes
1
answer
115
views
removing modifiers but still keep the meaning of sentence
I have been running through some examples of DG and from those, I have realized that we can safely remove modifiers from a sentence and still preserve the meaning of the sentence.
For Example, ...
3
votes
1
answer
239
views
Dependency Trees of types of clauses
I have been trying to learn linguistics, mainly English. Recently I have been studying clauses and dependency trees. I have been wondering -
Whether can we assume a rough tree structure for every ...
2
votes
1
answer
289
views
Non-projective tree sentences
I'm trying to generate the non-projective tree of the sentence:
"A hearing is scheduled on the issue today."
But with the Stanford Core NLP tool (https://corenlp.run/), I obtain a projective ...
- 121
1
vote
2
answers
427
views
Syntax trees associated with Prepositional Phrases as subject
Whenever we have a Prepositional Phrase as a subject, how should the dependency relations hold?
Specifically, consider the following sentence:
Before Wednesday does not work for me.
One dependency ...
- 19
2
votes
1
answer
104
views
The Meaning <=> Text Theory (MTT)
I have recently read about "The Meaning <=> Text Theory" approach to syntax and would like to know more about it. Specifically,
What are the main differences between this theory and the phrase ...
- 978
1
vote
1
answer
144
views
How to draw the NP "so little" in "He said so little" in a tree diagram?
He said so little.
includes the NP so little, which doesn't include any noun.
In the X-bar theory style tree diagram, how do you go about describing the NP? Do you have N' below the NP? Do you have ...
- 812
1
vote
0
answers
67
views
Stance Detection with Dependencies Tree and POS Tagging
I'm working on a thing at the moment and I'm trying to do what's basically written on the title of this post.
Disclaimer: I'm not trying to get my job done by others. Just share ideas and gathering ...
- 11
0
votes
1
answer
150
views
In these sentences, are these direct objects and oprds?
I read about oprd (object predicative: https://www.thoughtco.com/object-predicative-grammar-1691446) and I was thinking about the following sentences. Am I correctly identifying the direct object and ...
- 111
1
vote
1
answer
157
views
Completely schematic construction?
I'm trying to understand what is a completely schematic construction in cognitive grammar.
I found an example: VP --> V NP
So, is that a construction that can be easily described by a general rule ...
- 939
3
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Is language a formal system?
Towards the end of this essay on formal systems and human language the author states:
Chomsky and Halle and many other linguists assume that language IS such a [formal] system... These are powerful ...
- 133
0
votes
2
answers
132
views
All the strings X2Y where X and Y are composed of 0s and 1s, X ≠ Y [closed]
This problem was taken from A. Shen's book "Algorithms and Programming. Problems and Solutions". The problem itself was communicated by M. Sipser.
The author asks the reader to define a context-free ...
- 337
1
vote
1
answer
262
views
SVO triple in case of missing S or V or O?
hi I'm new to phrase/dependency structure.
For a project of mine I want to extract from any sentence a meaningful structure with 3 items i.e. triple.
In general case the Subject-Verb-Object is ideal....
- 127
-1
votes
1
answer
418
views
Can anyone explain me the structure of the FCFG grammar
I was not able to understand the grammar rules explain in discourse.fcfg file.
Can any one help me understanding SEM means in S[SEM = <app(?subj,?vp)>] -> NP[NUM=?n,SEM=?subj] VP[NUM=?n,SEM=...
0
votes
0
answers
102
views
Examples of languages with complex "formules de politesse"
French uses complex word arrangements to say "best regards" and "yours sincerely" to finish well written letters, i.e.:
Nous vous prions d’agréer, Monsieur, l’expression de nos sentiments respectueux ...
- 215
2
votes
1
answer
307
views
Where does supplementation fit in?
As far as I can see, the structure of supplementary constructions like
Karen, being ill, was unable to go
or
John – her father – was unable to walk her down the aisle
or maybe
a washer-dryer
...
user23078
1
vote
0
answers
45
views
Complete NL formalisms w/out syntax
What are the natural language formalisms that, roughly speaking, do away w/ syntax as a separate level of description? Cf. Steedman's "The Syntactic Process" (2000):
"...syntactic structure is ...
- 504
2
votes
1
answer
79
views
How to extract example sentences from linguistics papers
Does anyone know of a good tool to grab all example sentences used in a paper so they could be processed via an NLP pipeline? I have udpipe in mind especially: I'd like to take sentences from one or ...
1
vote
0
answers
24
views
Why does matching any root of a question to any root of potential answers gives better text understanding results?
I'm trying to find a way to prevent Intelligent Agents with Reading Comprehension and Question Answering abilities to answer question from documents from a given dataset.
After dependency parsing we ...
