Questions tagged [dictionary]
A collection of words in (a) specific language(s), often containing usage information.
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26 views
Calculate TF-IDF of Loughran and Bill McDonald dictionary
I am exploring the financial-related dictionary of Loughran and McDonald.
I want to calculate the TF-IDF weighting of the words within the dictionary. I use the following formula, based on the paper "...
4
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2answers
196 views
How often are dictionary etymologies wrong?
How often are the etymologies in dictionaries incorect?
Sometimes when reading a dictionary I see a derivation of a word which contradicts my intuition. For example I read that "ball" comes from ...
4
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1answer
88 views
What language pairs are underserved, and would most benefit from machine-learned bilingual tools?
What language pairs are under-served by current resources — like human translators, bilingual dictionaries, and parallel corpuses — relative to their linguistic importance, economic potential, or ...
2
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2answers
74 views
glossary/dictionary corpus for NLP task
I am looking for glossary/dictionary corpus in machine readable form. Basically huge file/db which would contain word and its definition. Here is sample:
Authenticity: a feature that characterizes ...
2
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2answers
130 views
Wellsean Syllabification and Recapitulation Symbols in the LPD
Those of you who deal with phonetics and phonology of English, and perhaps other languages as well, will surely have read John C. Wells’s article “Syllabification and allophony”, which you can find ...
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0answers
268 views
Where can I download dictionary bilingual word list in many languages?
I want to find dictionary bilingual word lists like English-Swedish, English-Danish, English-Hindi, English-Hungarian and many others. I am also interested in English-Multilingual word lists.
2
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1answer
71 views
Greek: differences between words marked as αρχαιοπρεπής, λόγιος or παλαιότερα
In my dictionary some words are marked with αρχαιοπρεπής (dated, archaic), λόγιος (learned form) and παλαιότερα (more ancient use). What are the differences, if any, between these terms, and what is ...
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36 views
Are there dictionaries translating roots from one Indo-European language to another?
Are there dictionaries translating roots from one Indo-European language (family) to another?
Such dictionaries would be helpful for translating calques like выставка, Ausstellung, and exhibition.
...
2
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0answers
49 views
What are some authoritative Vietnamese Dictionaries? …and how do they disambiguate the two pronunciations of <gia>?
What are some authoritative Vietnamese dictionaries? …and how do they disambiguate the two pronunciations of <gia>? (Something with an English or Chinese gloss is preferred.)
Wikipedia on the ...
3
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1answer
286 views
Why do dictionaries use non-standard IPA symbols
"ɛə̯" or "ɛə" can be written as "ea" "ɛː" "ɛ" and "ɛə" in various dictionaries.
http://teflpedia.com/IPA_phoneme_/e%C9%99/
I don't see the value as they aren't fixing the non-intuitive nature of ...
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0answers
42 views
Is there any free, single-word wordlist with CLAWS7 part-of-speech tags?
I am looking for a wordlist which includes single-word entries and their part-of-speech tags in UCREL CLAWS7 format.
The list must be comprised of scientifically collected data, for example words ...
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3answers
109 views
Does anyone knows a work on Mongolian loanwords in Turkic languages?
Especially in Western branch of Turkic languages.
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2answers
73 views
Are there any equivalent of oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ in Arabic?
I am looking for a website that is equivalent of https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/go
In oxforddictionaries, you see it gives all of the meanings of a word with example sentences
Are ...
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1answer
413 views
Can anyone recommend a good, free, and online Greek-to-English dictionary? [closed]
A translation service is not being requested in the question since they provide word-to-word mappings instead of word-to-meaning explanations. The dictionary may optionally render the Greek word with ...
5
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1answer
300 views
Dictionaries with binary semantic features
In lexical semantics, a lot of meaning in individual words, the concept behind the utterance, is captured in ontological relations: is-like for synonymy, is-a for a hypernym hierarchy. But this doesn'...
3
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4answers
286 views
Any free, good and extensive word lists for languages other than English?
After considerable search on the Internet, I found a free, good and extensive word list for English that IMHO contains all words (nouns and verbs with their endings as separate entries) one would ever ...
2
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1answer
384 views
Financial Slang and NLP for Sentiment Analysis
I am working on a Sentiment-Analysis/Opinion-Mining of Tweets, focused on Finance related tweets.
One of the biggest issue I am facing is the unability of my algorithm to detect equivalent entities (...
5
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1answer
72 views
Is there a name for this idea relating to word abstractness/complexity based on dictionary definition self-reference?
First, let me give the caveat that I have never taken a linguistics class, nor read a linguistics book. I am coming from a degree in math. Please give your answers at a level I can understand.
There'...
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1answer
33 views
List of English words with usage samples
For my learning tool project I need a free English word list with the usage sample of each word and/or its definition.
For example:
/word/ Apple
/phrase/ This apples are big and red.
/definition/ ...
3
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1answer
248 views
Is there a programmatically accessible/structured (JSON, XML, etc) dictionary that includes IPA
Thus far I have the CMU Pronouncing Dictionary, which uses a custom set of phonemes represented in ASCII text. Just the words and pronunciations is nice, but it would be great to have actual IPA ...
0
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1answer
63 views
Looking for a list of English words that are morphologically similar, semantically different? [closed]
I need a list of English words that are morphologically similar, but when it comes to meaning, they should be completely different.
2
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1answer
32 views
Dictionary used by WordNet for word senses
What dictionary does WordNet use for the various senses it lists for each word?
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0answers
48 views
an open source lexicographical framework
I am looking for a lightweight open source framework for lexicographical experiments: building vocabularies, converting from one type to another, merging, dealing with multilingual issues, ...
google ...
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1answer
261 views
French Pronunciation Dictionary
Is there a French pronunciation dictionary on the web like CMU English dictionary?
Thanks.
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1answer
70 views
Where can I find free dictionaries for various languages? [closed]
Inspired by this xkcd comic, I'm trying to write a computer program that can generate random sentences to be used as pass phrases. However, I think that the pass phrases might be easier to remember if ...
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4answers
1k views
How many of all possible English words are actually in use (have meaning)?
If we consider that there are phonological observations as to what is an English word and what probably isn't, one could come up with a dictionary of "all possible" English words, i.e. all words that ...
2
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0answers
22 views
Does Merriam Webster dictionary list word senses based on their historical occurrence?
I have noticed that, unlike other dictionaries, MW seems to list word senses based on the order they have appeared throughout history. Was this just a coincidence, or is this true for MW.
4
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2answers
202 views
dictionary with the smallest number of circularly defined words
Motivation: words in a dictionary are defined in terms of other words, but at some point it becomes circular: words defined by other words that have also been defined using some of the same words. ...
6
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3answers
2k views
Online etymology dictionaries for French, beyond CNTRL?
Are there etymology dictionaries for French available on the Internet? To wit, what's a French equivalent of http://etymonline.com/?
I already know about
TLF informatisé (TLFi), but often, it does ...
0
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2answers
723 views
Any suggestion for Classical Arabic language online dictionary or PDF?
Can anybody suggest me the websites or PDFs from where I can get the meaning and etymology of Classical Arabic terms or any online dictionary of Classical Arabic language or any PDF of that dictionary?...
2
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2answers
93 views
Should common short words be left out of a concordance?
I'm writing a program which will be designed to take a text file, and parse all the words into a Concordance, e.g., a sort of dictionary list of all the words sorted in order, with a total count of ...
2
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0answers
193 views
Early Modern English spelling variations dictionary
I am building a web application that allows users to transcribe, word by word, Early Modern English manuscripts.
I want to tell users when a word they transcribed may be a new spelling variant of ...
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1answer
110 views
Making a balanced word list systematically using COCA and CMUdict
I am trying to find words in English that mirror the conditioning environments for spirantization of /b, d, g/ in Spanish. I am balancing for proceeding phone, lexical stress, word-internal vs. word-...
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0answers
57 views
What electronic resources are available that categorize nouns by countability?
Most electronic dictionaries I've found only categorize words into noun / verb / adjective / adverb / etc. (such as WordNet). They don't further refine parts of speech into subcategories like count/...
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1answer
160 views
Old Norse: Noun declension gen. sg. -s or -ar?
I am using A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic and An Introduction to Old Norse (by E. V. Gordon) as my resoources.
In An Introduction, it is said that:
Some nouns declined otherwise as ...
4
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3answers
9k views
What's the largest dictionary in the world?
I'm curious to know: what is the largest dictionary in the world?
The English and Malgache Wiktionaries are surely not far of with 3.8M and 3.5M entries but I found a blog post talking about a Chinese-...
2
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0answers
137 views
German/Swedish dictionary to download as a text file
I am looking for a dictionary that I can download as a text file which specifies the grammatical gender of nouns in both languages.
Basically, I would like something like:
https://archive.org/details/...
7
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2answers
446 views
Help me find an early Old Norse dictionary (or even a grammar)
For some time I've been looking for a dictionary of Old Norse that reflects an early situation in the language; this kind of resource has been amazingly hard to find, for some reason. Most ...
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1answer
324 views
Online Modern Greek dictionary that puts imperfective and (“dependent”) perfective verb stems together?
Does anyone know of a good online Modern Greek dictionary that puts imperfective and perfective (also called "dependent") verb stems together?
For instance, the present perfective of βλέπω /'vlepo/ "...
4
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2answers
479 views
Is there an open source English dictionary that isn't too fine-grained in defining a word?
I'm creating a multilingual online dictionary and I need an open source English dictionary to work off of.
Wordnet is the obvious choice, as it's extremely complete and its license is permissive of ...
8
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6answers
14k views
Online etymology dictionary for Latin
Is there an etymology dictionary for Latin that is available on the Internet? For example, I know of http://etymonline.com/, which is a great resource for English etymology, but I have not been able ...
3
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2answers
271 views
What is a good way to represent data in a multilingual dictionary? Wordnet alternatives or extensions?
I'm not a linguist so forgive my misuse of terminology... I'm looking for a data structure to represent dictionary entries. A dictionary would have words translated to other languages along with links ...
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0answers
1k views
What are the advantages of using a morpheme-based dictionary in a speech recognition system?
What are the advantages of using a morphologically-based / lemma-based dictionary in a speech recognition system as opposed to a dictionary of 'Orthography' + 'transcription' or other types (which I ...
4
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0answers
300 views
Dictionary with real IPA and English sandhi rules?
I don't like English dictionaries that use pseudo-IPA to indicate pronunciation. I've seen none indicating that most plosives should be aspirated, but when they're in "sp", "st" and other combinations ...
3
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1answer
269 views
How did a logographic orthography like Chinese organize its word-stock before any type of phonetic notation?
Let's say you were to to pick up a dictionary and look up a word in Chinese before the advent of any type of phonetic notation system such as Pinyin or Bopomofo. How would words in that dictionary be ...
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1answer
135 views
Pronunciation Dictionary for Portuguese
Is there any comprehensive pronunciation dictionary for Portoguese language like CMU dictionary for English?
Thanks.
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1answer
383 views
How can a multi-language dictionary be made? [closed]
Let's pretend we are producing four-language cross-dictionary. To be more difficult, let it be a Russian-English-Japanese-Sanskrit dictionary.
By "cross-dictionary" I mean that the person using it ...
4
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1answer
427 views
How to explore the meaning of a concept (like “friendship”)?
I am trying to extract all components ("atoms") of meaning of the concept "friendship" in a certain language (actually in Russian).
By components of meaning I mean, for example: "girl"="human"+"female"...
6
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1answer
156 views
How are dictionaries produced
What are the steps invoked in producing a dictionary?
I am primarily interested in understanding the role software plays in the production process.
Obviously a corpus for the language is first ...
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1answer
155 views
How is the dependency of corpus size and observed ngrams?
I would like to know how the relation of corpus size to observed ngrams is(especially unigrams). Since the word frequency follows a Zipf distribution, i would expect some kind of logarithmic relation ...
