Questions tagged [dictionary]
A collection of words in (a) specific language(s), often containing usage information.
73
questions
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0answers
55 views
What are the essential words?
Take a dictionary. Each word is defined using other words. Take all the words of the dictionary. The words that appear in their definitions is a subset of words of this dictionary (and not the whole ...
-1
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1answer
52 views
What is the correct way to cite the “Harvard General Inquirer Dictionary” in a paper? [closed]
I would like to cite the Harvard General Inquirer Dictionary in a paper, but I am not able to find the correct reference. Should I cite the homepage, the manual or one of these references available in ...
1
vote
1answer
68 views
How to understand the etymology from the American Heritage Dictionary?
I look up the word 'frangible'. Its etymology shows
[Middle English, from Old French, from Medieval Latin frangibilis, from Latin frangere, to break; see bhreg- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots....
1
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1answer
40 views
Is there a website, dataset, API or NLP library which can give me the English meaning, POS and conjugated forms of a word from any major language?
Is there a website or dataset which can give me the following info all at once:
(1) English meaning of a word/lexeme
(2) part of speech
(3) all conjugated forms of the lexeme, whether verb, noun or ...
0
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0answers
26 views
Which online sources provide narrow transcriptions for English?
I've tried a dozen of online English dictionaries, and all of them give broad transcriptions. So it's impossible to tell from them, for example, how many aspirated "p"s there are in "appropriate". ...
0
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1answer
53 views
Checking Definitions for Self-Consistency and Cycles
I am building a "self-contained" set of definitions, and would like to ensure that the definitions:
Do not contain circular definitions (which might include other words within that cycle, not just a ...
2
votes
1answer
70 views
Is the Sumerian king list etymologically understood?
While some names in the Sumerian King List contain standard Sumerian words (e.g. "sipad" : shepherd, "dumu" : son, "zid" : true, "en" : king), I haven't found a comprehensive translation/etymological ...
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2answers
52 views
Where to download phonetic word list for Dutch/ Nederlandse fonetische woordenlijst downloaden
I cannot find phonetic word lists / dictionaries online for Dutch.
Please provide me with a url.
What do you use?
What is available?
1
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1answer
77 views
Where to download phonetic word list for English
I need phonetic word lists / dictionaries for English.
I did not assume that this would be hard to find online.
What do you use?
What is available?
0
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2answers
122 views
Are there any evocative dictionaries?
There are analogical dictionaries which list words and phrases related to a topic.
And there are symbolic dictionaries which explain what a thing represents.
But I have not found a dictionary that ...
0
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1answer
55 views
How to interpret the only available Middle Persian dictionary?
I am looking at this:
I think this is a verb (some others are even less clear). What does besaz(en)- mean? The parentheses and the hyphen. The M is for Middle Persian, but there is no indication that ...
3
votes
1answer
133 views
Cumbrian sources
I'm interested in the cumbrian dialect, but I couldn't find good sources of vocabulary and pontual aspects of its grammar. Also, I was trying to understand the following poem:
I'll tell the'
We're ...
1
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1answer
47 views
Spoken Arabic dictionary/corpus?
Is there an existing corpus or dictionary for different spoken Arabic dialects? I'd like to look up a word (in English or MSA or in a spoken dialect) and find where this word or phrase is spoken (and ...
6
votes
1answer
91 views
Does a scientific methodology exist for evaluating bilingual dictionaries?
I recently reread What's the difference between the various context dictionaries available for Spanish (e.g., Tatoeba, Reverso, Linguee, ā¦)?. The accepted answer is excellent. But it got me ...
0
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2answers
119 views
Conventions on sorting phrases with whitespace and punctuation (for an index)
I'm sorry if this is not the correct community to ask this question, if not please suggest a transfer.
I'm compiling an index of sorts for a large songbook where all the titles and first lines of the ...
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0answers
76 views
Calculate TF-IDF of Loughran and Bill McDonald dictionary
I am exploring the financial-related dictionary of Loughran and McDonald.
I want to calculate the TF-IDF weighting of the words within the dictionary. I use the following formula, based on the paper "...
6
votes
2answers
243 views
How often are dictionary etymologies wrong?
How often are the etymologies in dictionaries incorect?
Sometimes when reading a dictionary I see a derivation of a word which contradicts my intuition. For example I read that "ball" comes from ...
4
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1answer
98 views
What language pairs are underserved, and would most benefit from machine-learned bilingual tools?
What language pairs are under-served by current resources ā like human translators, bilingual dictionaries, and parallel corpuses ā relative to their linguistic importance, economic potential, or ...
2
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2answers
136 views
glossary/dictionary corpus for NLP task
I am looking for glossary/dictionary corpus in machine readable form. Basically huge file/db which would contain word and its definition. Here is sample:
Authenticity: a feature that characterizes ...
2
votes
2answers
222 views
Wellsean Syllabification and Recapitulation Symbols in the LPD
Those of you who deal with phonetics and phonology of English, and perhaps other languages as well, will surely have read John C. Wellsās article āSyllabification and allophonyā, which you can find ...
0
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0answers
347 views
Where can I download dictionary bilingual word list in many languages?
I want to find dictionary bilingual word lists like English-Swedish, English-Danish, English-Hindi, English-Hungarian and many others. I am also interested in English-Multilingual word lists.
2
votes
1answer
77 views
Greek: differences between words marked as Ī±ĻĻĪ±Ī¹ĪæĻĻĪµĻĪ®Ļ, Ī»ĻĪ³Ī¹ĪæĻ or ĻĪ±Ī»Ī±Ī¹ĻĻĪµĻĪ±
In my dictionary some words are marked with Ī±ĻĻĪ±Ī¹ĪæĻĻĪµĻĪ®Ļ (dated, archaic), Ī»ĻĪ³Ī¹ĪæĻ (learned form) and ĻĪ±Ī»Ī±Ī¹ĻĻĪµĻĪ± (more ancient use). What are the differences, if any, between these terms, and what is ...
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0answers
38 views
Are there dictionaries translating roots from one Indo-European language to another?
Are there dictionaries translating roots from one Indo-European language (family) to another?
Such dictionaries would be helpful for translating calques like Š²ŃŃŃŠ°Š²ŠŗŠ°, Ausstellung, and exhibition.
...
2
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0answers
73 views
What are some authoritative Vietnamese Dictionaries? ā¦and how do they disambiguate the two pronunciations of <gia>?
What are some authoritative Vietnamese dictionaries? ā¦and how do they disambiguate the two pronunciations of <gia>? (Something with an English or Chinese gloss is preferred.)
Wikipedia on the ...
3
votes
1answer
439 views
Why do dictionaries use non-standard IPA symbols
"ÉÉĢÆ" or "ÉÉ" can be written as "ea" "ÉĖ" "É" and "ÉÉ" in various dictionaries.
http://teflpedia.com/IPA_phoneme_/e%C9%99/
I don't see the value as they aren't fixing the non-intuitive nature of ...
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0answers
50 views
Is there any free, single-word wordlist with CLAWS7 part-of-speech tags?
I am looking for a wordlist which includes single-word entries and their part-of-speech tags in UCREL CLAWS7 format.
The list must be comprised of scientifically collected data, for example words ...
2
votes
3answers
149 views
Does anyone knows a work on Mongolian loanwords in Turkic languages?
Especially in Western branch of Turkic languages.
1
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2answers
86 views
Are there any equivalent of oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ in Arabic?
I am looking for a website that is equivalent of https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/go
In oxforddictionaries, you see it gives all of the meanings of a word with example sentences
Are ...
0
votes
1answer
1k views
Can anyone recommend a good, free, and online Greek-to-English dictionary? [closed]
A translation service is not being requested in the question since they provide word-to-word mappings instead of word-to-meaning explanations. The dictionary may optionally render the Greek word with ...
5
votes
1answer
459 views
Dictionaries with binary semantic features
In lexical semantics, a lot of meaning in individual words, the concept behind the utterance, is captured in ontological relations: is-like for synonymy, is-a for a hypernym hierarchy. But this doesn'...
3
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4answers
425 views
Any free, good and extensive word lists for languages other than English?
After considerable search on the Internet, I found a free, good and extensive word list for English that IMHO contains all words (nouns and verbs with their endings as separate entries) one would ever ...
2
votes
1answer
642 views
Financial Slang and NLP for Sentiment Analysis
I am working on a Sentiment-Analysis/Opinion-Mining of Tweets, focused on Finance related tweets.
One of the biggest issue I am facing is the unability of my algorithm to detect equivalent entities (...
5
votes
1answer
78 views
Is there a name for this idea relating to word abstractness/complexity based on dictionary definition self-reference?
First, let me give the caveat that I have never taken a linguistics class, nor read a linguistics book. I am coming from a degree in math. Please give your answers at a level I can understand.
There'...
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1answer
33 views
List of English words with usage samples
For my learning tool project I need a free English word list with the usage sample of each word and/or its definition.
For example:
/word/ Apple
/phrase/ This apples are big and red.
/definition/ ...
3
votes
1answer
332 views
Is there a programmatically accessible/structured (JSON, XML, etc) dictionary that includes IPA
Thus far I have the CMU Pronouncing Dictionary, which uses a custom set of phonemes represented in ASCII text. Just the words and pronunciations is nice, but it would be great to have actual IPA ...
0
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1answer
77 views
Looking for a list of English words that are morphologically similar, semantically different? [closed]
I need a list of English words that are morphologically similar, but when it comes to meaning, they should be completely different.
2
votes
1answer
35 views
Dictionary used by WordNet for word senses
What dictionary does WordNet use for the various senses it lists for each word?
1
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0answers
50 views
an open source lexicographical framework
I am looking for a lightweight open source framework for lexicographical experiments: building vocabularies, converting from one type to another, merging, dealing with multilingual issues, ...
google ...
2
votes
1answer
274 views
French Pronunciation Dictionary
Is there a French pronunciation dictionary on the web like CMU English dictionary?
Thanks.
-1
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1answer
78 views
Where can I find free dictionaries for various languages? [closed]
Inspired by this xkcd comic, I'm trying to write a computer program that can generate random sentences to be used as pass phrases. However, I think that the pass phrases might be easier to remember if ...
4
votes
4answers
2k views
How many of all possible English words are actually in use (have meaning)?
If we consider that there are phonological observations as to what is an English word and what probably isn't, one could come up with a dictionary of "all possible" English words, i.e. all words that ...
2
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0answers
26 views
Does Merriam Webster dictionary list word senses based on their historical occurrence?
I have noticed that, unlike other dictionaries, MW seems to list word senses based on the order they have appeared throughout history. Was this just a coincidence, or is this true for MW.
4
votes
2answers
220 views
dictionary with the smallest number of circularly defined words
Motivation: words in a dictionary are defined in terms of other words, but at some point it becomes circular: words defined by other words that have also been defined using some of the same words. ...
8
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4answers
4k views
Online etymology dictionaries for French, beyond CNTRL?
Are there etymology dictionaries for French available on the Internet? To wit, what's a French equivalent of http://etymonline.com/?
I already know about
TLF informatisƩ (TLFi), but often, it does ...
0
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3answers
1k views
Any suggestion for Classical Arabic language online dictionary or PDF?
Can anybody suggest me the websites or PDFs from where I can get the meaning and etymology of Classical Arabic terms or any online dictionary of Classical Arabic language or any PDF of that dictionary?...
2
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2answers
114 views
Should common short words be left out of a concordance?
I'm writing a program which will be designed to take a text file, and parse all the words into a Concordance, e.g., a sort of dictionary list of all the words sorted in order, with a total count of ...
2
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0answers
222 views
Early Modern English spelling variations dictionary
I am building a web application that allows users to transcribe, word by word, Early Modern English manuscripts.
I want to tell users when a word they transcribed may be a new spelling variant of ...
1
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1answer
120 views
Making a balanced word list systematically using COCA and CMUdict
I am trying to find words in English that mirror the conditioning environments for spirantization of /b, d, g/ in Spanish. I am balancing for proceeding phone, lexical stress, word-internal vs. word-...
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0answers
58 views
What electronic resources are available that categorize nouns by countability?
Most electronic dictionaries I've found only categorize words into noun / verb / adjective / adverb / etc. (such as WordNet). They don't further refine parts of speech into subcategories like count/...
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1answer
209 views
Old Norse: Noun declension gen. sg. -s or -ar?
I am using A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic and An Introduction to Old Norse (by E. V. Gordon) as my resoources.
In An Introduction, it is said that:
Some nouns declined otherwise as ...
