Questions tagged [dictionary]
A collection of words in (a) specific language(s), often containing usage information.
99 questions
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Why do dictionaries use non-standard IPA symbols
"ɛə̯" or "ɛə" can be written as "ea" "ɛː" "ɛ" and "ɛə" in various dictionaries.
http://teflpedia.com/IPA_phoneme_/e%C9%99/
I don't see the value as they aren't fixing the non-intuitive nature of ...
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Is there any free, single-word wordlist with CLAWS7 part-of-speech tags?
I am looking for a wordlist which includes single-word entries and their part-of-speech tags in UCREL CLAWS7 format.
The list must be comprised of scientifically collected data, for example words ...
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Does anyone knows a work on Mongolian loanwords in Turkic languages?
Especially in Western branch of Turkic languages.
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Are there any equivalent of oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ in Arabic?
I am looking for a website that is equivalent of https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/go
In oxforddictionaries, you see it gives all of the meanings of a word with example sentences
Are ...
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Can anyone recommend a good, free, and online Greek-to-English dictionary? [closed]
A translation service is not being requested in the question since they provide word-to-word mappings instead of word-to-meaning explanations. The dictionary may optionally render the Greek word with ...
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Dictionaries with binary semantic features
In lexical semantics, a lot of meaning in individual words, the concept behind the utterance, is captured in ontological relations: is-like for synonymy, is-a for a hypernym hierarchy. But this doesn'...
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Any free, good and extensive word lists for languages other than English?
After considerable search on the Internet, I found a free, good and extensive word list for English that IMHO contains all words (nouns and verbs with their endings as separate entries) one would ever ...
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Financial Slang and NLP for Sentiment Analysis
I am working on a Sentiment-Analysis/Opinion-Mining of Tweets, focused on Finance related tweets.
One of the biggest issue I am facing is the unability of my algorithm to detect equivalent entities (...
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Is there a name for this idea relating to word abstractness/complexity based on dictionary definition self-reference?
First, let me give the caveat that I have never taken a linguistics class, nor read a linguistics book. I am coming from a degree in math. Please give your answers at a level I can understand.
There'...
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List of English words with usage samples
For my learning tool project I need a free English word list with the usage sample of each word and/or its definition.
For example:
/word/ Apple
/phrase/ This apples are big and red.
/definition/ ...
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Is there a programmatically accessible/structured (JSON, XML, etc) dictionary that includes IPA
Thus far I have the CMU Pronouncing Dictionary, which uses a custom set of phonemes represented in ASCII text. Just the words and pronunciations is nice, but it would be great to have actual IPA ...
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Looking for a list of English words that are morphologically similar, semantically different? [closed]
I need a list of English words that are morphologically similar, but when it comes to meaning, they should be completely different.
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Dictionary used by WordNet for word senses
What dictionary does WordNet use for the various senses it lists for each word?
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an open source lexicographical framework
I am looking for a lightweight open source framework for lexicographical experiments: building vocabularies, converting from one type to another, merging, dealing with multilingual issues, ...
google ...
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French Pronunciation Dictionary
Is there a French pronunciation dictionary on the web like CMU English dictionary?
Thanks.
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Where can I find free dictionaries for various languages? [closed]
Inspired by this xkcd comic, I'm trying to write a computer program that can generate random sentences to be used as pass phrases. However, I think that the pass phrases might be easier to remember if ...
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How many of all possible English words are actually in use (have meaning)?
If we consider that there are phonological observations as to what is an English word and what probably isn't, one could come up with a dictionary of "all possible" English words, i.e. all words that ...
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Does Merriam Webster dictionary list word senses based on their historical occurrence?
I have noticed that, unlike other dictionaries, MW seems to list word senses based on the order they have appeared throughout history. Was this just a coincidence, or is this true for MW.
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dictionary with the smallest number of circularly defined words
Motivation: words in a dictionary are defined in terms of other words, but at some point it becomes circular: words defined by other words that have also been defined using some of the same words. ...
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Online etymology dictionaries for French, beyond CNTRL?
Are there etymology dictionaries for French available on the Internet? To wit, what's a French equivalent of http://etymonline.com/?
I already know about
TLF informatisé (TLFi), but often, it does ...
user5306
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Any suggestion for Classical Arabic language online dictionary or PDF?
Can anybody suggest me the websites or PDFs from where I can get the meaning and etymology of Classical Arabic terms or any online dictionary of Classical Arabic language or any PDF of that dictionary?...
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Should common short words be left out of a concordance?
I'm writing a program which will be designed to take a text file, and parse all the words into a Concordance, e.g., a sort of dictionary list of all the words sorted in order, with a total count of ...
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Early Modern English spelling variations dictionary
I am building a web application that allows users to transcribe, word by word, Early Modern English manuscripts.
I want to tell users when a word they transcribed may be a new spelling variant of ...
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Making a balanced word list systematically using COCA and CMUdict
I am trying to find words in English that mirror the conditioning environments for spirantization of /b, d, g/ in Spanish. I am balancing for proceeding phone, lexical stress, word-internal vs. word-...
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What electronic resources are available that categorize nouns by countability?
Most electronic dictionaries I've found only categorize words into noun / verb / adjective / adverb / etc. (such as WordNet). They don't further refine parts of speech into subcategories like count/...
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Old Norse: Noun declension gen. sg. -s or -ar?
I am using A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic and An Introduction to Old Norse (by E. V. Gordon) as my resoources.
In An Introduction, it is said that:
Some nouns declined otherwise as ...
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What's the largest dictionary in the world?
I'm curious to know: what is the largest dictionary in the world?
The English and Malgache Wiktionaries are surely not far off with 3.8M and 3.5M entries but I found a blog post talking about a ...
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German/Swedish dictionary to download as a text file
I am looking for a dictionary that I can download as a text file which specifies the grammatical gender of nouns in both languages.
Basically, I would like something like:
https://archive.org/details/...
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Help me find an early Old Norse dictionary (or even a grammar)
For some time I've been looking for a dictionary of Old Norse that reflects an early situation in the language; this kind of resource has been amazingly hard to find, for some reason. Most ...
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Online Modern Greek dictionary that puts imperfective and ("dependent") perfective verb stems together?
Does anyone know of a good online Modern Greek dictionary that puts imperfective and perfective (also called "dependent") verb stems together?
For instance, the present perfective of βλέπω /'vlepo/ "...
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Is there an open source English dictionary that isn't too fine-grained in defining a word?
I'm creating a multilingual online dictionary and I need an open source English dictionary to work off of.
Wordnet is the obvious choice, as it's extremely complete and its license is permissive of ...
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Online etymology dictionary for Latin
Is there an etymology dictionary for Latin that is available on the Internet? For example, I know of http://etymonline.com/, which is a great resource for English etymology, but I have not been able ...
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What is a good way to represent data in a multilingual dictionary? Wordnet alternatives or extensions?
I'm not a linguist so forgive my misuse of terminology... I'm looking for a data structure to represent dictionary entries. A dictionary would have words translated to other languages along with links ...
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What are the advantages of using a morpheme-based dictionary in a speech recognition system?
What are the advantages of using a morphologically-based / lemma-based dictionary in a speech recognition system as opposed to a dictionary of 'Orthography' + 'transcription' or other types (which I ...
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Dictionary with real IPA and English sandhi rules?
I don't like English dictionaries that use pseudo-IPA to indicate pronunciation. I've seen none indicating that most plosives should be aspirated, but when they're in "sp", "st" and other combinations ...
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How did a logographic orthography like Chinese organize its word-stock before any type of phonetic notation?
Let's say you were to to pick up a dictionary and look up a word in Chinese before the advent of any type of phonetic notation system such as Pinyin or Bopomofo. How would words in that dictionary be ...
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Pronunciation Dictionary for Portuguese
Is there any comprehensive pronunciation dictionary for Portoguese language like CMU dictionary for English?
Thanks.
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How can a multi-language dictionary be made? [closed]
Let's pretend we are producing four-language cross-dictionary. To be more difficult, let it be a Russian-English-Japanese-Sanskrit dictionary.
By "cross-dictionary" I mean that the person using it ...
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How to explore the meaning of a concept (like "friendship")?
I am trying to extract all components ("atoms") of meaning of the concept "friendship" in a certain language (actually in Russian).
By components of meaning I mean, for example: "girl"="human"+"female"...
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How are dictionaries produced
What are the steps invoked in producing a dictionary?
I am primarily interested in understanding the role software plays in the production process.
Obviously a corpus for the language is first ...
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How is the dependency of corpus size and observed ngrams?
I would like to know how the relation of corpus size to observed ngrams is(especially unigrams). Since the word frequency follows a Zipf distribution, i would expect some kind of logarithmic relation ...
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Dictionaries for machine translation
I am doing research on machine translation in prolog and I am wondering if there are any suitable dictionaries available in text/xml format for machine translation. With suitable for machine ...
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Sumerian cuneiform dictionary?
Is there a single, unified place where one can look up cuneiform signs for Sumerian words? Unicode now supports cuneiform, but every source I've found has only transliterations, not actual cuneiform.
...
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Looking for bi-/tri-lingual dictionaries or corpora
I will be attempting to solve the problem of automatic language identification/detection (and later translation), and I'm in a need of free digital dictionaries or corpora.
I'm looking for ...
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Tool for finding recombinations of syllables that yield words
(I know that the title of this question is quite opaque, but I'm having a hard time explaining what I'm looking for. Perhaps someone can help with that.)
I need a tool which can take a collection of ...
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How are meanings of a word ordered in a dictionary?
What base does vocabulary.com use for its hierarchy of meanings of a word? For example see http://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/sound. Are top levels (numbered list) all homonyms?
What structure do ...
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What word has the most valid meanings, across multiple different languages? (interlingual homographs) [closed]
What word is valid across the largest number of different languages, and as different part-of-speech?
(The precise term is interlingual homographs/heteronyms/polysemes)
Examples:
'rate' is both ...
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A comprehensive list of conceptual metaphors
Is there a comprehensive list of conceptual metaphors? (Either man-made, crowdsourced or based on data-mining / corpora analysis.)
By a conceptual metaphor I mean a relation in the spirit of George ...
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Are there dictionaries like Collins COBUILD for other languages than English? [closed]
Let me explain what I'm after:
monolingual
all examples are taken from a large corpus of contemporary text (the COBUILD series is now using Bank of English)
the senses for each entry are sorted by ...