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0 votes
1 answer
141 views

Why does English distinguish between 'must' and 'have to', particularly in the negative?

In English, there's a (minor) semantic difference between 'must' and 'have to', particularly when negated. For example, 'you must do this' and 'you have to do this' mean roughly the same thing, but '...
0 votes
0 answers
49 views

The acceptability of verbal phrase ellipsis and subject-auxiliary inversion in triple modal sentences

I have been researching on multiple modal constructions, which is a feature used in the Southern United States. Unlike Standard English, this dialect allows more than one modal auxiliary per clause. ...
6 votes
3 answers
1k views

Do modal auxiliaries in English never change their forms?

Anderson's Essentials of Linguistics says that in English: The modal auxiliaries never change their form: they occupy the T- head position in their own right. The non-modal auxiliaries, like main ...
10 votes
4 answers
2k views

Why are modal verbs in English defective?

Modal verbs exist in many languages; but they are often defective. English is an extreme example where they seem to only have present tense forms; and have no gerund, participle, or infinitive; some ...
0 votes
0 answers
58 views

How can we say modals are of category T, but auxiliaries are really verbs? [duplicate]

Are there any arguments or theories to account for it?
-1 votes
1 answer
329 views

Is it a causative morpheme or a modal morpheme?

Let us take the verb 'get', we can say both: 1- Someone gets to take something 2- Someone gets someone to take something In the 1st sentence, 'get' is a modal morpheme, but in the other sentence '...
5 votes
5 answers
1k views

Are English modal verbs tensed or non-tensed?

My assumption: English modal verbs are non-tensed (i.e. we don't say shoulds or shoulded). Yet, in X' bar theory, modal verbs appear under the inflection node I', precisely where we find the ...
0 votes
0 answers
119 views

How can I write subject and predicate phrases so they can be interchanged for a multiple-choice test and still have subject-verb agreement?

I’m trying to write a large set of multiple-choice test questions that can easily be randomized by interchanging their subject phrases and predicate phrases. I’m having some difficulty finding verbs ...
10 votes
2 answers
2k views

Distinguishing between epistemic and circumstantial readings (without recourse to temporality)?

How can you/should you empirically distinguish between epistemic and circumstantial readings of modals? I (at least think I) understand how the two readings are supposed to be distinguished ...
6 votes
1 answer
435 views

Epistemic modality inside deontic scope?

I was taught (according to Role and Reference Grammar) that epistemic modality applies at clause level while deontic modality applies at core level. So in theory a sentence which has both would have ...
3 votes
4 answers
2k views

Are modal verbs lexical or grammatical categories?

Are modal verbs, such as must and can, considered lexical or grammatical categories?
0 votes
2 answers
201 views

What type of modality is "You must not fear"?

Someone challenged me to translate the phrase "You must not fear" into my conlang, and I was stumped, because I couldn't pin down the modality of the phrase. I came up with a phrase meaning "You are ...