Linguistics

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The process of syntactic analysis, usually used in the context of computational linguistics.

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Which syntactic dependency parsers perform best on search query phrases?

Lots of NLP libraries contain syntactic dependencies parsers (e.g. spaCy, NLTK, Stanford NLP, Spark NLP...). As I understand it (please correct me if I'm wrong), these are mostly designed to parse ...
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72 views

Are there any theoretical properties of punctuation marks that allow to identify them without understanding the text?

Imaging that you have discovered a stone with written text in an ancient (or alien!) language that doesn't resemble any known language. Is there a way to show that some of the symbols are likely ...
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1answer
131 views

Is it possible to produce a list of syntactic rules for a language?

I recently started a new job as an applied linguist engineer and one of the first tasks I was ask to do was to provide a list of syntactic rules that can produce French sentences (for an ...
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85 views

Problem Parsing a Sentence

I am having trouble parsing a sentence that I read in Douglas Biber, Susan Conrad, Geoffrey Leech's Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English (2002). The sentence is: He was surprised to ...
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88 views

How can I calculate the morphological similarity between sentences?

For my bachelor thesis i am probing various text similarity metrics for how much they incorporate different aspects of sentences. To get those aspects I use datasets that are annotated for semantic ...
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1answer
67 views

What branch in computational linguistics should I study if I am interested in machine translation?

I am graduate student and I am doing a Master of Translation and interpretation Arabic English. I need to pursue study in machine translation but I do not know where exactly to start, NLP, ...
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23 views

Why should we assign the head to a word as early as possible in shift-reduce dependency parsing?

This is about dependency parsing. The operation set of a shift-reduce parser was changed so that an arc is added as early as possible. It's claimed that "the longer a word has to wait to get assigned ...
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28 views

Are there any computer systems that can suggest the next word in a sentence based on grammatical correctness?

I know Apple and Google have predictive text, but I believe it is purely statistically generated, without analysis of a sentence's grammar. I know various computer parsing systems of human language ...
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2answers
90 views

A counter-example to the parsing rule model?

The idea that we have some strict "correct" parsing rules which we use to parse sentences seems a bit wrong to me. Here's why. Consider these sentences: Yesterday I went to the beach. I, yesterday, ...
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127 views

Struggling With Split Projections In My X Bar Tree Diagram

I am trying to complete this linguistics question but I am a bit stuck. I'm not sure if I'm using the AgrNomO projections correctly. I have attached the tree diagram, and here is the question: Draw ...
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1answer
187 views

Parse Tree Formatter Tools?

I am looking for tools that can format parse trees. I want to be able to collapse and expand them. I understand that collapsing them is rather simple with regex or even simple search and replace, ...
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2answers
118 views

Constituency-based parse trees and the word 'both' in noun phrases

I ran into a problem when doing a parse tree recently. It appears to be the word 'both' in the following sentence that is causing the trouble: It is evident for both you and the listener Obviously '...
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1answer
965 views

What are uses of Dependency Parsing in NLP / Computational Linguistics?

Dependency Parsing seems to be present in most of the NLP toolkits out there. What is not clear and what I have trouble finding in Google is what are actual practical, or even research, applications ...
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28 views

English ditransitive verb phares in CKY algorithm

I was pondering about English ditransitive verb phrases. Say we have the following: Sofia the candle. I can assume the phrase structure VP -> V NP NP, which is not a binary production. Any clue, how ...
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3answers
98 views

How far ahead we look when parsing and understanding text

Part of trying to understand how we mentally parse and understand text requires understanding how far ahead we look, which is what this question is about. I'm wondering how we understand how to ...
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3answers
226 views

How can you know that a word in a sentence is a verb?

I am wondering what it takes to parse a sentence with incomplete knowledge. That is, take a sentence like this: If I use timeout I have to call again my function at the end of the execution of the ...
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1answer
927 views

Python list to Parse tree

In Python, I have an input of list like following: [('S', ['NP', 'VP']), ('A', ['V', 'NP']), ('VP', ['V', 'NP']), ('NP', ['DET', 'NP']), ('N', "'mouse'"), ('NP', "'mouse'"), ('DET', "'the'"), ('V', "'...
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1answer
210 views

Dependency parsing that preserves structural ambiguities?

Does a (publicly available) dependency parser exist, that either preserves structural ambiguities in its output or that allows me to generate all possible parse trees for a given input? I am ...
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76 views

What features are good for dependency parsing?

I am trying to implement a graph based dependency parser. Since I come from a computer engineering perspective, I have trouble finding the features. Assuming that we have a (head,dependent) relation ...
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2answers
2k views

What software is used to make these X-bar trees?

I'm looking for software for illustrating tree diagrams am wondering whether anyone knows which was used to create the one in the post linked below. I have tried messaging the author, but had no ...
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1answer
125 views

What do these morphemes' abbreviated glosses mean?

I am taking a course on linguistics and got introduced to a lot of abbreviations. Other than the obvious V for verb, I am having a lot of trouble finding out what the others mean. The book Speech and ...
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0answers
46 views

Connections between combinatory categorial grammars and abstract categorial grammars?

Are there connections/translation or common tools usage/adaptation between combinatory (concrete) categorial grammars (incl. Lambek calculus) and abstract categorial grammars? Can tools for one of ...
2
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1answer
42 views

Reference work needed for Phrase Markers in English

I need a thorough online site or downloadable text that goes into detail about English phrase markers as in this example from Beth Levin's Verb Alternations book "This alternation involves verbs found ...
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2answers
92 views

Semantic parsing vs Propositional Representation

Propositional representation is explained on Wikipedia. How is semantic parsing different from propositional representation? Or is propositional representation the next step after you do semantic ...
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2answers
415 views

German Dependency Parsing - question about dependencies between "sich ____ lassen"

I'm working on project regarding German dependency parsing, and came across something I'm a bit unsure about. Using a parser, when given an input (whether it be in a sentence or just the verbs) which ...
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1answer
706 views

How to interpret the dependency parse tree of an English Slot Grammar?

I am reading the paper titled Deep parsing in Watson (DOI: 10.1147/JRD.2012.2185409) and need help understanding this figure: This is the paragraph that describes the tree in the figure above: An ...
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3answers
96 views

Parsing and a possible compound verb

To describe the ordinariness of a certain 25-year-old man, someone said: He's the kind of guy that you could walk into a bar in any part of the country and see. "A guy that you can see" makes ...
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0answers
32 views

Any good, up-to-date advanced textbooks/handbooks in statistical parsing?

I was wondering if there are any good, up-to-date advanced textbooks in parsing, after having finished the preliminary treatments in Jurafsky & Martin and Manning & Schütze. Either ...
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1answer
398 views

Representing knowledge extracted from output of dependency parsing

I am working on a problem to represent knowledge extracted from a paragraph and rank it to produce abstractive summaries. I have implemented dependency parsing using Stanford NLP, which gives dot ...
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1answer
209 views

Find head noun, "he himself"

I have run into a problem when I am trying to find the head noun for a NP in this sentence. I haven't been able to find any rules explaining why one of them would be head, or if they even belong in ...
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1answer
1k views

Which one is head noun?

I am using a parser and I have run into a problem where I am unsure if the syntax tree that it is showing me is correct. The Noun Phrase is: one of the lizards My parser is telling me that "one" ...
2
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1answer
553 views

How to detect verb in a sentence where the verb is invisible in the sentence?

In case of some Indo-European languages it seems there is no visible verb in the sentence. This is specially visible in languages like Bangla, Hindi etc. For example the sentence Who is there? is ...
2
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1answer
323 views

Mapping Minipar dependencies to Stanford Parser dependencies

I am trying to use the algorithm in Qiu et al., 2011, "Opinion Word Expansion and Target Extraction through Double Propagation" for my research. However, in the paper, they use Minipar for dependency ...
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0answers
51 views

How should "at some time" be tagged in Universal Dependencies framework?

I want to tag a sentence Jones was unemployed at some time before he graduated. with UD tags. I'm not sure how to tag at some time. Stanford parser suggests the reading: case (time-6, at-4) det (...
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1answer
122 views

Automated wh movement for turning an answer into the form of a question

I am not a linguist but I want to know if there are any parsing tools in existence that can help me do the following kind of thing: Given a sentence like the one below I would like to generate many ...
2
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1answer
2k views

Split a sentence using nltk and python

I am working on a task which involves information extraction, for which I require splitting a complex sentence into a bunch of simple sentences. For instance, In optics a ray is an idealized model ...
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1answer
56 views

What is the name for the phenomenon of verb phrase being an argument of a predicate

In the sentence He makes you want to leave early today to get more space for himself instead of having NP as argument to the predicate "makes", we get an entire verb phrase "want to leave early ...
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0answers
29 views

Estimating the size of training data for grammer extraction

I have a dependency treebank including 100 sentences, which I divide into a training set and a test set. I extract some rules ((DS,PS) pairs) to convert the treebank to phrase structures. When I ...
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214 views

How to build a neural network dependency parser with a dynamic oracle?

I'm curruntly trying to improve the results of my dependency parser (arc-standard) when I found this article: that uses a dynamic oracle. https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Q/Q13/Q13-1033.pdf The ...
2
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1answer
336 views

Convert a non projective dependency tree to a projective one

I'm trying to build a dependency parser and I want it to construct only projective trees. Do you know any tool that converts Non-projective trees (CONLL-U format) to projective ones?
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40 views

What tokenization scheme was used for the conll-X arabic corpus?

I wanted to know what tokenization scheme was used to tokenize the conll-X arabic corpus which was used for the 2006 shared task on dependency parsing ?
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4answers
210 views

Can training a Part-of-Speech tagger and parser at the same time improve parsing results?

I was wondering if training both a POS tagger and a parser (be it constituency or dependency) at the same time improve the results of parsing in a deep architecture since deep learning can take ...
2
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2answers
256 views

How to derive training data for maltparser classifier from conll file

Could anyone explain how does the maltparser convert the dependency trees from a CONLL file to a series of transitions in order to train its classifier ?
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2answers
281 views

Unable to understand meaning of tag NONE *-1 in Penn Treebank example

I am completely naive and new to NLP. I am following a course on NLP on coursera. As I was studying about parse tree, I came across following sentence to parse: Because the CD had an effective yield ...
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1answer
172 views

What are the upsides of using dependency parsing over constituency parsing?

I am looking for an exhaustive list of upsides of using dependency parsing over constituency parsing (if possible, with references for each upside).
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1answer
82 views

What types of errors arise when converting consistency parse trees to dependency parse trees?

I wonder what types of errors arise when automatically converting consistency parse trees to dependency parse trees, and how frequent they are.
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5answers
154 views

Treebanks that contain both constituency and dependency parse trees

I am looking for treebanks that contain both constituency and dependency parse trees. Both should have been manually annotated (i.e. the dependency parse trees shouldn't have been obtained from the ...
4
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1answer
2k views

What part of speech is 'two o'clock' in this sentence? [closed]

I thought adverbs didn't modify nouns but then what's going on in these sentences: It is nearly two o'clock We were there for nearly an hour The town is nearly forty miles from here
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1answer
389 views

Maltparser vs Freeling for Spanish dependency parser

I need to parse a Spanish corpus with syntactic dependencies. I have tried both Freeling and Maltparser, they both give similar results, but with some divergence. I need the highest accuracy possible, ...
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2answers
62 views

Said tags in Sentence detection

I am trying to apply NLP to fiction but I don't know how split dialog into sentences. Specifically how to split said tags. ex. "Awake? How long have been asleep?" asked teenagers at the same time. ...

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