Questions tagged [parts-of-speech]
The traditional set of eight word classes: Noun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, pronoun, and interjection.
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Understanding "inflection" and "grammatical category"
The Wikipedia article Morphology says:
A further difference is that in word formation, the resultant word may differ from its source word's grammatical category whereas in the process of inflection ...
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0answers
118 views
Are WH-determiner, WH-adverb and WH-pronoun mutually exclusive?
I was going through this article. It describes WH-determiners, WH-adverbs and WH-pronouns. Below are examples for each from the article:
WH-determiners
What book are you reading?
Which plane is he ...
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1answer
65 views
Possessive vs non possesive WH-pronouns
I was going through Jurafsky book. It says following about pronouns in the context of tag set:
Wh-pronouns (what, who, whom, whoever) are used in certain question forms, or act as complementizers (...
4
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1answer
52 views
Why are prepositions and subordinate conjunctions grouped as the same tag in the Penn Treebank tag set?
I was reading a book by Jurafsky et. al. It states following:
English adpositions occur before nouns, hence are called prepositions. They can
indicate spatial or temporal relations, whether literal (...
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0answers
34 views
Rationale for grouping my list of trauma collocates into nouns and adjectives
Context: I have a dataset of words within a 5-word window of trauma (i.e., trauma collocates) and they've been parsed into parts of speech (nouns, adjectives, verbs, etc.). I am wanting to look at the ...
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1answer
66 views
What parts of speech and sentence constituents are "yes" and "no" words in answers?
Let's look at some examples:
— Would you like some ice cream?
— No.
— Are you happy?
— Yes.
According to Wiktionary “yes” is a particle:
ParticleyesUsed to show agreement or acceptance...
“No” and “...
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0answers
83 views
English words that can be only used as nouns
Is there a term for words that can be only used as nouns?
For example, I think "history" and "sofa" are such words, but "book" and "dog" are not.
I'm looking ...
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1answer
82 views
Are there any academic papers on the "Adjective like (article) Noun" construction/ phrase?
I am currently working on a paper about the "Adj like (article) Noun" construction. Some would consider that which comes after the "like"-part to be a prepositional phrase if "...
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0answers
93 views
How do you distinguish verbs, nouns, and adjectives in Chinese?
I am messing around with a conlang and trying to figure out how to write sentences. Man this is hard, there are so many possibilities and I don't know where to start.
But basically, I am looking at ...
0
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1answer
67 views
What parts of speech are common across every language?
I am trying to make a word game, and part of it requires dividing the words into types. I want it it to work across any language, but so far I can only see 3 things that seem to exist in every ...
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1answer
119 views
Is this phrase or clause a clause?
Is "lefty loosey, righty tighty" a clause?
Or what is "lefty loosey, righty tighty"?
Or what part of speech is "lefty loosey, righty tighty"?
Or what part of speech is ...
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1answer
168 views
How to extract Subject-Verb-Object from a sentence?
Given a corpus of sentences, is there a way to extract subject-verb-object triplets? What is the state-of-art in detecting SVO triplets?
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1answer
46 views
Looking for a theoretical treatment of closed- and open-classes
The concept of open-class (e.g. English nouns) and closed-class (e.g. English prepositions) word categories seems to be taken as a given in a lot of papers and textbooks. I'm looking for a treatment ...
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1answer
113 views
What part of speech is a phoneme?
I wanted to know what part of speech a phoneme might be or I wanted to know if a phoneme might be a part of speech and I wanted to know if a phoneme can be an affix. I also wanted to know what a ...
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1answer
191 views
What part of speech is a letter?
I wanted to know what part of speech a letter might be or I wanted to see if I understand letters. Do people ask this question in this place? Or am I in the place where people would ask this?
I asked ...
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0answers
72 views
Part of speech of the word 'board' when in a compound word
When splitting the compound adjective 'onboard', there are two words; 'on' and 'board'.
'On' is a preposition, but what part of speech is 'board'?
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1answer
70 views
What does 'MSP' stand for in the context of Chinese parts of speech?
The Part-Of-Speech Tagging Guidelines for the PennChineseTreebank(3.0) uses several acronyms without defining them. I am a hobbyist student of Chinese linguistics as part of my study of Chinese.
I ...
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4answers
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Is ‘for’ a complementizer or a preposition in ‘prefer for John to stay’
As the title says, in ‘prefer for John to stay’, is ‘for’ a complementizer and the following is a CP, or a preposition?
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2answers
793 views
What is the relation between a specifier and a determiner?
Does specifier mean "the" and "possesser" and determiner mean "the" and "possessive 's"?
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4answers
177 views
What Non-Austronesian languages have a linker or ligature?
In Tagalog, there is a particle called a linker or a ligature, with two forms: na and -ng /-ŋ/. The ligature's main function is to link modifiers (like adjectives and adverbs) and the words that they ...
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3answers
204 views
Buy one free one
In Malaysia it’s common to see “buy one free one” offers in supermarkets, pharmacies etc. I’m a speaker of British English and this construction hurts my ears, but apparently it’s perfectly idiomatic ...
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1answer
91 views
Is duck typing valid to identify parts of speech?
Let's say we're trying to identify a word or a phrase and on the surface it seems a bit strange and to not fit into an easily identified category/part of speech (POS).
Is it valid to say "If it walks ...
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1answer
357 views
Can adjectives assign thematic roles in English (or other languages)?
Example: The dog was very excited or he was a very excited dog
Does excited assign the role of experiencer to dog in either case?
Do adjectives assign them in other languages?
Or would we say that ...
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2answers
85 views
The linguistic terms for "chains" of similar structures (review material)
Could someone help me identify what these are?
I know that "noun chains" are called "noun phrases", and "verb chains" are called "verb phrases", but I don't know the equivalent for adverbs, ...
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2answers
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Are words classified (PoS) according to their use in a sentence, or does classification precede usage?
This is a rather broad question, so I'd like to limit this to verbs, at least in this explication of the question.
Verbs take many forms and roles in sentences. Present participles can take the role ...
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0answers
56 views
Can the shift in grammatical usage of "an X-ese [person]" be explained linguistically?
While reading An Introduction to Information Theory by John R. Pierce, I was distracted by a linguistic artifact (on page 251 of the second edition):
We can tell our friends apart, […] but we find ...
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0answers
84 views
A question about Carnie's subcategories and features
From Carnie's "Syntax: A Generative Introduction":
This notation is not explicitly explained. What does it mean? (I'll write my conjecture below)
Recall that T is defined as follows:
So I guess the ...
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0answers
334 views
Are nouns ever a closed class?
For pretty much any grammatical category, I can think of a language in which it's a closed class. Japanese has closed classes of verbs and (verb-like) adjectives, for example, while Swahili has a ...
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2answers
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( New formulation) Are parts of speech syntactic categories? ( A question on generative grammer)
I only have a rudimentary ( or even less than rudimentary) knowledge of generative grammar.
But what strikes me is that the sentence formation rules are coinded using parts of speech. For example ( ...
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1answer
68 views
Literature on contemporaneous analyses of languages that pre-date or are not influenced by Aristotle's "Categories" and the grammatici
Does anyone know of literature on contemporaneous analyses of languages that pre-date or are not influenced by Aristotle's "Categories" and the grammatici? For example, did the Chinese analyze Chinese ...
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2answers
315 views
Infinitive Marker
In English, is the infinitive marker a part of speech? I noticed that Oxford was using it in the PoS lexical entry position for one sense of "to": https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/to
"...
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2answers
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What are "Auxilliary nouns" in Kyrgyz?
I have heard that the Kyrgyz language has some special words termed "auxilliary nouns" (жардамчы атоочтор in Kyrgyz), but I wasn't able to find out what those words are and how they work in that ...
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1answer
125 views
How to determine temporal prepositions
I have several phrases in my text such as
'The changes are consistent with post radiotherapy phrases'
I would like to pick these sentences up
Is there a way of using parts of speech to determine ...
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1answer
1k views
What are uses of Dependency Parsing in NLP / Computational Linguistics?
Dependency Parsing seems to be present in most of the NLP toolkits out there.
What is not clear and what I have trouble finding in Google is what are actual practical, or even research, applications ...
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2answers
65 views
How to derive that a sentence is a question from parts of speech
I have recently discovered extraction of parts of speech and I'd like to see what I can get from patterns once a sentence is POS tagged. I am aware that some sentences will be difficult to categorise ...
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1answer
188 views
When is a conjunction not a conjunction?
I am trying to get to the bottom of Thai constructions which I can only gloss along the lines of:
(1) Because of the fact that her friends helped her escape prevented the soldiers from catching her;
...
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1answer
65 views
Why not use a Lookup taggers?
I do understand that a lookup tagger is one of the simplest ones to implement as it is able to map each word a single POS. Why shouldn't we use it compared to bigram tagger?
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2answers
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What is the proper terminology for "I touch" in this sentence?
I am trying to diagram this sentence for a personal project:
Everything I touch with tenderness pricks like a bramble.
From what I understand, Everything is the subject, and pricks is the ...
2
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1answer
401 views
Should Japanese postpositions be treated as belonging to the same category as English prepositions?
The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language and WALS, as well as Wikipedia, treat both English prepositions and Japanese postpositions (particles) as belonging to 'adpositions' (although CGEL ...
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1answer
1k views
What part of speech is "group" when used in a construct like "people group," or "product group"
Given a class C, we may append it with the literal "group" to obtain a class of sets whose elements are instances of C, and which are related in some way.
If you're not super familiar with object ...
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1answer
75 views
Connections between categories of type logical grammar and categories of combinatory categorial grammar?
There is nice book https://www.amazon.co.uk/Type-Logical-Grammar-Categorial-Logic/dp/0792332261/ that considers both Montague grammar (type logical grammar (TLG)) in chapters 1 and 2 and combinatory ...
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3answers
233 views
How can you know that a word in a sentence is a verb?
I am wondering what it takes to parse a sentence with incomplete knowledge. That is, take a sentence like this:
If I use timeout I have to call again my function at the end of the execution of the ...
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1answer
88 views
Terminology around non-word, but word-like, structures
In traditional linguistics literatures there is a clear separation between words and non-words. Words are basically what you'd find in a dictionary. But in todays world you find all kinds of word-like ...
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1answer
282 views
Why are three tags necessary for the IOB format? What problem would be caused if we used I and O tags exclusively?
I'm trying to understand how representing chunks works by facing this question :
The IOB format categorizes tagged tokens as I , O , and B . Why are three tags necessary? What problem would be ...
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378 views
Stolen, part of speech
I've checked several dictionaries for the word "stolen" only to find it labeled a verb. Virtually all of the examples sentences use it in a manner that I would have considered an adjective:
"The ...
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This/that: a determiner or pronoun? [duplicate]
Is there commonly accepted opinion on what lexemes this/that are, determiners or pronouns?
E.g. in the following phrase:
... can help you work these out
these seem to show some properties of ...
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1answer
1k views
How to tag_pos in nltk for a language that is not English?
Hi my country's language is not in nltk in python. I have a wordlist that contains word and part of speech (noun, verd adj etc.) in excel. But I don't know how to build a corpus. My language is not in ...
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2answers
229 views
'Ago' and 'on' vs. 'in'
Consider the phrase a month in in the following sentences:
[1] a. Richmond turned nineteen his third week in Vietnam. A̲l̲m̲o̲s̲t̲ ̲a̲ ̲m̲o&...
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1answer
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What category is because? [closed]
sorry if this seems really basic!
I am stuck on what to name 'because' in the syntax tree I am drawing, which is for the sentence:
'The boy gave Alice a present because he likes her'.
I initially ...
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1answer
125 views
What do these morphemes' abbreviated glosses mean?
I am taking a course on linguistics and got introduced to a lot of abbreviations. Other than the obvious V for verb, I am having a lot of trouble finding out what the others mean.
The book Speech and ...
