Questions tagged [parts-of-speech]
The traditional set of eight word classes: Noun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, pronoun, and interjection.
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Parts of speech in a language
I am starting studying linguistics independently. I have a few basic doubts.
English has following types of words: nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection.
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2answers
8k views
Infinitive verbs in syntax tree
I am just a little curious about the construction of syntactic trees when they involve infinitives in English. Basically, I want to know what role does the the "to" play? I don't think it is like a ...
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1answer
888 views
Gold Part-Of-Speech tags
I've read this term in many papers in NLP: (Gold POS tags).
what does it mean?
Thanks.
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1answer
372 views
Semantic Relatedness metric across Parts of Speech
I am a student in psychology, but I have very little familiarity with linguistics. I am doing working on flexible cognition and memory, and we are developing a task that requires participants to ...
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0answers
337 views
Preposition vs. Subordinating Conjunction in English
The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language (Huddleston & Pullum), which was published in 2002, expanded the scope of the part of speech "preposition" to such a great extent that a significant ...
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1answer
104 views
Word commonly tagged as noun but use as verb
Given a sentence "Someone has to walk the shore and map the island, see what else there is". The "map" word is a verb, but it's commonly used as noun, i.e., in most of dictionaries, the first word ...
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2answers
646 views
Do all languages share the same set of parts of sentence? [closed]
I know, that there is a relation between part of sentence and part of speech, namely elements from parts of speech can be combined following certain rules in order to be used as a part of sentence ...
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1answer
106 views
Do affixes and clitics belong to an own part of speech, part of sentence or another category ?
Birds, flowers, children belong to the part of speech of nouns,
to fish, to pick, to play to verbs,
swift, smelly, nice to adjectives
those are the easy ones, what about clitics and affixes and such ...
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1answer
202 views
Is pronoun a subset of nouns when referring to parts of speech?
To be frank, I am very unsure about this, but having two sets and not knowing how they relate, there are four possibilities so far:
nouns and pronouns are own sets without any connection between them
...
3
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2answers
565 views
singular part of speech for multi-word units and expressions?
Part of speech assignment provides a pos to a word. In many pos systems this can occasionally produce errors due multi-word expressions of one form or another.
When 'we' look at the text, we may see ...
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1answer
355 views
NLP conversion between parts of speech and pertainyms?
I would like to write a program that can automatically group e.g. 'happiness', 'happily', 'happy' into 'happy':
What do I need to read to get a handle on this subject? What is it called? What is the ...
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3answers
160 views
What is the word class of the first part of a partitive genitive?
I'm trying to determine the part of speech in the following example:
German: Mario Götze ist einer der besten Fußballspieler der Welt. (partitive genitive)
English: Mario Götze is one of the ...
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3answers
635 views
What parts of speech are the most, and least, susceptible to linguistic change? And why?
What parts of speech are the most susceptible, and the least susceptible, to linguistic change? And why?
I would think that nouns are the most susceptible, and that closed word classes, such as ...
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2answers
1k views
What really makes adverbs different from adjectives?
I just tried to answer a question that amounted to knowing whether
adverbs can be inflected. Then, doing a bit of search for examples,
I came up with the impression that, in many cases, I could not ...
2
votes
1answer
174 views
How to determine if a word is a verb besides looking in a list of verbs?
I'm building a PoS tagger and I was wondering if there is a way to determine if a word is a verb other than looking in a list of verbs.
What i'm doing is marking all words as nouns, then if it ends ...
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1answer
1k views
What is the difference in word pairs like “scary” and “scared” [closed]
Take the word pairs "scary" and "scared", or "pleasing" and "pleased". The former adjectives give the impression of inspiring the particular emotion, and the latter adjectives are the emotion itself. ...
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1answer
577 views
Mine, Yours, Ours, His, Hers, Its, and Don't Forget Theirs
What exactly are the Indo-European predicative mine/yours/ours/his/hers/its/theirs forms, in terms of word class and inflection? Would they be considered the genitive (or even the dative) case of ...
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5answers
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What part of speech is 'found' in this sentence?
I have recently applied for an English teaching position in Brazil and had to take a test in which they asked:
Choose the correct part of speech for 'FOUND' in the setence "A whale found dead on the ...
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2answers
243 views
What part of speech is the French “à la mode”?
What is "à la mode" in French? I am thinking it must be an adjective but wondering how this might be represented in an arbre syntagmatique.
I am new to linguistics and just trying to get a solid ...
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0answers
261 views
Adjectives/verbs being used as nouns: the trend grows?
"I want a job with a social connect" , using a verb connect for
the noun connection.
"It's a fail!" , using the verb fail instead of the noun failure.
"Acme is a multinational corporate" , using the ...
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2answers
242 views
What parts of speech do professional jargons tend to mint?
Many English-based jargons include newly created nouns, verbs and adjectives; and re-appropriate existing English nouns, verbs, and adjectives to new ends.
I can't come up with an example of a newly ...
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1answer
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Is “soon” in “it is soon” a predicative adverb or adjective or both?
In English in sentences like it is soon or he is fine what is the part of speech of the last word?
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1answer
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grammatical role of the word “e” in Emiliano and Romagnolo languages
What is grammatical role of e word in Emiliano and Romagnolo languages? Notice the following excerpt:
>
La léngua emiliâna-rumagnōla l’é parlêda int l’Emélia-Rumâgna, int la pêrt ed sōvra dal ...
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4answers
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Which language has verb/noun compounding features?
Often languages have compounding phrases with the same Part Of Speech (POS) and it becomes a morphological analysis problem in Natural Language Processing (NLP).
The most notorious being infinite ...
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1answer
168 views
The word 'all' as an article, rather than an adjective?
The grammar descriptions of some languages seem to treat words like all and no, as in 'all giraffes are yellow' and 'no pigs have wings' simply as adjectives, because the words they determine are the ...
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2answers
382 views
Multilingual POS tagging set
As you know:
Almost all languages have the lexical categories noun and verb, but
beyond these there are significant variations in different languages.
We want tag POS of some text of a lot of ...
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0answers
495 views
Tool for manually POS tagging texts
I'm interested if there is a text or set of texts where each word is correctly POS tagged.
I know there are algorithms that can associate POS tags to the words, but there are always many of ...
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3answers
805 views
How are mathematical operators like “plus” and “cos” analyzed?
Consider the mathematical statement
1 + 2 = 3
It is read in English as
One plus two equals three.
One plus two is equal to three.
In English at least, equals is obviously an ordinary verb, ...
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2answers
269 views
“Like” in English (and perhaps other languages)
How is English "like" — as in "you look like a monkey" — generally analyzed these days? I can think of two ways to go here. I'm tempted to call it either a preposition, or some sort of ...
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1answer
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What is a determiner?
I asked a previous question related to this one about parts of speech. I need to figure out what a determiner (DT) is in Penn Treebank Tag Set. In the set examples found in the tag set, it appears ...
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1answer
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Turn Penn Treebank into simpler POS tags
I'm working on some code for an open source package to analyze dialogic classroom transcripts. I came across an interesting article that calculates a formality measure that I wanted to try out (LINK) ...
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2answers
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Are there languages where adjectives are clearly neither noun-like nor verb-like?
Most language I have some knowledge of have adjectives with are either a) nominal in nature or b) verbal in nature. (apologies if this is not the best wording.)
In German, Romanian, and Georgian, ...
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What word has the most valid meanings, across multiple different languages? (interlingual homographs) [closed]
What word is valid across the largest number of different languages, and as different part-of-speech?
(The precise term is interlingual homographs/heteronyms/polysemes)
Examples:
'rate' is both ...
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2answers
642 views
Can the term “gerund” be linguistically defined?
The Wikipedia entry for gerund starts with a list that shows how the term is applied to various languages. And we can see that what the term actually means depends a lot on the specific language we ...
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0answers
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How to decrease CRF++ feature function set?
I have a problem with the CRF++ Package. CRF++ cannot handle large training parts-of-speech corpora (large tagset and large number of words).
In fact, the number of feature functions automatically ...
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4answers
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Can prepositional phrases with “of” ever be adjuncts to nouns, or only complements in English? If they can't be adjuncts, why?
This question came up while doing syntax homework. It seems to me that prepositional phrases with "of" can only ever be complements to nouns, not adjuncts. The basis for my conclusion was that, while ...
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6answers
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What's the global difference between nouns and verbs?
Is there a way to distinguish nouns and verbs that applies to all languages?
This problem has been occupying my mind for some time now. I'm not quite sure how to approach this question, so I'll just ...
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2answers
843 views
What is an “adjectival article”? Apparently Albanian “të” is one
Being in Albania I decided to sit down with a word frequency list of the language and look each up so I would know some of the common words I see around me.
The second most common word in Albanian is ...
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3answers
476 views
Are there some analyses or linguists with the view that Chinese does not have lexical word class?
I'm not a linguist but a language enthusiast and I read lots of stuff about all languages mostly on the internet in blogs but also in accessible books and sometimes attempt to read some things not ...
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1answer
607 views
What diagnostics distinguish demonstratives from definite articles?
Historically, definite articles are often related to demonstratives.
How might one characterize whether a word in a language is a definite article or a demonstrative?
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2answers
404 views
Are there languages which lack a full number system but which have an indefinite article?
Most languages have a fully developed concept of numbers but many do not, for instance most Australian Aboriginal languages lack numbers and counting beyond a few such as 1, 2, and 3.
Many languages ...
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2answers
273 views
How do linguists determine whether a language has an indefinite article?
Given:
For those languages which have it, the indefinite article mostly if not always is derived from the numeral for "one".
Most languages have numbers but many lack articles.
How do linguists ...
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5answers
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What parts of speech / word classes do languages most frequently lack?
Among conlangers, AllNoun is a notable syntax because it only makes use one part of speech / word class, which is analagous to nouns. A natural language I've heard of (but I can't remember or find a ...
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3answers
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Are word classes universal?
I'm working on an application that takes a special database of words and its word class and determines the such from a given sentence. I'm now working to see if word classes that are found in English ...
