Questions tagged [phonetic-symbols]
Symbols used for the visual representation of speech sounds.
62 questions
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Why is Portuguese 'mundo' transcribed phonemically /ˈmũ.du/ but for other languages not even phonetic transcription records a "deviation" from /n/?
For a short version of the question, see at the end EDIT AFTER COMMENTS:
I know about the Differences between phonemic and phonetic transcriptions, and I am referring to the phonemic transcription, ...
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How commonly are [u] and cardinal close-mid [o] allophones?
I ask because I listened to the recordings of [o] here:
https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/IPAcharts/inter_chart_2018/IPA_2018.html
For me (being a speaker of Finnish) all but the first ...
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Is there any reliable way to organize phonemes that aren't in the IPA?
I'm coming up with an idea for a game that simulates the evolution of languages, but to do that and make it the most realistic, I would need to put in the sounds that the IPA says are possible but we ...
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Why does the IPA use four main vowel heights?
Because vowels exist at infinitely precise points on large acoustic and articulatory spectrums (vowel spaces), the study of phonetics uses generalized waypoints to describe them. The International ...
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What written notation is used in IPA for the letter "A" in the English words "hand", "man", "and", et cetra?
In American English, the letter "A" is pronounced at least five different ways.
What written symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is used for the vowel, or vowel group, shown ...
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Single syllable breakdown of the word strawberry in IPA
My intro linguistics class was doing a demonstration of how to break up single syllables into their vowel trees. We came up with three different interrpretations and were looking for more opinions.
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The difference between the phonemes /p/ and /b/ in Japanese
Is there any difference between the phonemes /p/ and /b/ in Japanese ?
In English, they are pretty distinguishable.
E.g: 'Bat' and 'pat'
In Japanese, however, I get lost trying to tell which is which.
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Why are the coronal approximants so different from the others?
I’m aware that there has been some criticism of the IPA’s classification of approximants, as well as debate over the merit of the term itself. However, my understanding is that approximants are the ...
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Is there a tool that provides lists of words that contain the sound denoted by an inputted phonetic symbol?
For example, if I set this tool for English, then type /ʌ/ in the search box, it should return a list of English words that contain that sound.
TIA
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What is unicode character turned AE ᴂ(U+1D02) used for?
The near-open front unrounded vowel is written as æ(U+00E6), commented as "Latin Small Letter Ae". But I found the character ᴂ(U+1D02) commented as "Latin Small Letter Turned Ae" ...
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Full stops to indicate a syllable boundary?
Without syllable boundary:
ˈwʌt̚ ˈhæp ənd ||
With syllable boundary:
ˈwʌt̚ ˈhæp.ənd ||
However I have words that are two syllables and both syllables are stressed:
ˈsʌmˌθɪŋz‿ˈaʊt̚ ˈðɛəɹ ||
As you ...
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What kind of stress is this?
I found the word "ice-free" is pronounced /ˈˌaɪsˈˌfri/ in Oxford English Dictionary, but what kind of stress is this? Should it be called 'there are two primary stresses and two secondary ...
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Is there any other Phonetic notation other than IPA? [duplicate]
I'm wondering is there any other Phonetic notation other than IPA — that is easy to understand by Native English speakers
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/t͡ʃ/ vs. /ʧ/ vs. /tʃ/
In English for example, the "ch" sound (as in China) is sometimes written as /t͡ʃ/, other times as /ʧ/ or simply as /tʃ/. Similarly, I have seen the German "tz" (e.g. Katze) ...
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Is it possible to have the same symbol for different sounds in IPA?
It is said that in IPA, each symbol represents a unique sound. But on the Wikipedia page on the Voiceless Velar Fricative (/x/), I find these examples:
Hindustani 'ख़ुशी' /xuʃi:/ (sometimes खुशी, /...
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Central – lateral dichotomy for labiodentals
In the IPA chart, there's no labiodental lateral approximant. The cell isn't even left blank, it's shaded out and therefore the articulation is judged impossible.
One of the explanations is (see, e.g.,...
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What is the diacritic macron bellow (◌̱) used in the IPA [closed]
Well, I'm learning English, (I speak Spanish) sometimes I use the translator or the dictionary and several times I find this sign in the phonetic transcription, what am I supposed to do?
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Source to look up pronunciation of phonetic script
Can anyone recommend a book that a non-linguist can use to look up and pronounce words written in phonetic script?
For example, Wikipedia has this written down: "[ɛks’pɑzətɔri]". I want to ...
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transcribing stressed vowels in compound words in English
If I am transcribing word such words such as "cupcake" and "homework," in IPA, should I always use a stressed vowel in both syllables, even though one syllable receives primary ...
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Is there a reason that /w/ isn't represented on the IPA chart?
The sound that represents the English <w>, as in "week", is the voiced labio-velar approximant /w/. In the "Consonant" section of the Wiki page for the IPA, however, /w/ isn'...
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Use of asterisk in middle of word of an attempted proto-language; does it refer to everything that follows?
In the word t*amano, does the asterisk imply that everyrthinng following the asterisk is questionable, even if the area of uncertainty is a specific sound in the word, in this hypothetical example,...
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What is the most universally understood way to represent the "ay" sound of "CAKE" substituting the standard a for a single character?
I am making up an imaginary word to be used as a name.
Right now I seem to have it ending in "tata", but want it to be clear it is pronounced as "tay-tah" not "tah-tah"
I admit that I do not know my ...
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Cyrillic phonetic alphabet?
Is there any attempt to make phonetic alphabet (like IPA) based on Cyrillic script?
Or does the Russian phonology covers enough?
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How can I write an interdental lateral in phonetic transcription?
Inspired by this answer here is my question: How can I write a interdental lateral in phonetic transcription (IPA preferred, but not a necessary requirement, other wide spread phonetic notation ...
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Narrow Phonetic Transcription: Stretching?
I use narrow phonetic transcription in my job. The one symbol I need but can't seem to find is a way to mark stretching of the tongue from side to side. Does this exist? I have made up my own, but I'd ...
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British English offglides
The offglide of the English diphthongs /aʊ/ and /əʊ/ is represented by the vowel /ʊ/. In other languages, such as Portuguese and Spanish, they are represented in the same way, but they sound ...
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With SSML phoneme tags using IPA phonetic symbols, how can I insert pauses to slow down pronounciation?
Note
For my text to speech engine (I use Cereproc, William Voice).
The engine can be used on the website here:
https://www.cereproc.com/
and it supports the ssml tags used in this question..
...
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What is the maximum number of IPA diacritics that can be added on a vowel?
What would the symbol look like, and how would it sound like? E.g. a long rhotacized nasalized vowel with tone?
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Choice of phonemic symbol for /b/, /d/, /g/, /ʝ/ in Spanish
Wikipedia states this on the Spanish consonants /b/, /d/, /ɡ/ and /ʝ/:
The phonemes /b/, /d/, and /ɡ/ are realized as approximants (namely [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕]) or fricatives in all places except after a ...
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What is the meaning of the number 2 in Proto-Indo European reconstructions? e.g. As in *tewtéh₂, meaning "people" or "tribe"
I am a writer doing some research into ancient languages for a story I am creating. Despite having done some formal and informal study on linguistics (I am familiar with a phonetic chart) and informal ...
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Glides offset: ɪ/ʊ or j/w? [closed]
I've seen linguistics arguing in favour of using either ɪ/ʊ or j/w sets in glides offset. What are your arguments regarding the use of them?
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Can anyone send me a link or recommend me a book about IPA diacritics?
What I am interested in knowing is what exactly a specific diacritic does to a sound, and which muscles in the vocal tract are responsible for making those sounds.
user20509
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Does "You" or "Unicorn" begin with a vowel sound
"You" sounds like "U". U is a vowel.
so does "You" begin with a vowel?
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Discussions around symbols included/excluded in the IPA
Are there are IPA symbols which are the subject of some controversy? For example, I suppose there are some who would like to have a unitary"tS" t-esh sound as a unitary phoneme... but I bet there ...
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Some questions on how I pronounce "l" [closed]
I hope you can help as I'm teaching English overseas and I want to teach the standard pronunciation to students. I have a South African accent but I am starting to get paranoid and wonder if I ...
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Is IPA machine-readable?
I saw that SAMPA was created to be machine-readable.
Does that mean that IPA isn't?
If it isn't, why is that so?
EDIT: By machine-readable, I meant that it could be directly interpreted by a parser/...
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Difference between [i] and [j] or [u] and [w]
I am having a little trouble understanding the actual difference between these sets of sounds. What would be the difference in pronunciation between /hau nau braun kau/ and /haw naw brawn kaw/?
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How many phonetic symbols are in total languages?
my goal is to know all the sounds of other languages and compare if there are similarities.
I only found the
English
http://soundsofspeech.uiowa.edu/english/english_main.swf
http://www.stuff.co.uk/...
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Is there a featural equivalent of the International Phonetic Alphabet?
The IPA arbitrarily borrows and derives graphemes from the Greek, Latin and Cyrillic. The graphemes do not display basic features (i.e. place and manner of articulation) shared between phones like ...
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How do they separate phones' length?
In phonetics we use below symbols to talk about phones' length. My question is that how do we measure it? In other words, since these terms (long, half-long extra-short) are relative, how do we ...
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which kind of phonetic symbol is it?
I read a electric dictionary in which the phonetic symbol are descirbed in the weird form.
For example:
afar
/ E5fB:(r); E`fBr/
which kind of phonetic symbol is it? Is there a full mapping list ...
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How is an archiphoneme represented on the phonetic level?
Consider an archiphoneme N that can be realized as n, ng, or as a nasal on a vowel depending on the context.
Is this representation, below, standard i.e. with the archiphoneme as a capital letter on ...
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What is X in a syllable C=consonant, V=vowel
I don't under stand (X) and (s/sh) in this sentence.
As opposed to Hebrew CV(X)(C), the non-Semitic syllable structure of Israeli, (s/sh)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(s/sh)
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What is the history of /ɨ/ vs /ï/?
The Close central unrounded vowel has two symbols in the IPA:
/ɨ/
/ï/
It appears (from my completely unscientific survey of having seen the symbols in use) that the former is the more common. What ...
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Phonology vs phonetics : /ʁɔz/ vs [ʁoz]
It's written on French Wikipedia that the noun “rose” is represented in phonology by /ʁɔz/ whereas Wiktionary is claiming that it should be /ʁoz/. In both case, the associated representation in common ...
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What are the different ways prosodic features of a language are represented throughout the history of linguistics?
I can name a few:
1. Tones as numbers
2. Intonation contour as a line above the sentence
3. Tones as lines above segments
4. Stress marks before stress syllables ['white house] vs [white 'house]
But ...
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Determining underlying representation
I'm really confused about how to determine underlying representation. Every thing I read seems to contradict the last.
Trying desperately to solve this problem and I just seem to be going in circles ...
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What is the history of the International Phonetic Alphabet?
I know it has its origins in the International Phonetic Association, but the idea of a unique alphabet for each speech sound of the world's languages organized by place and manner must've had an ...
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Why don't any languages have strictly one character for every single phonetic sound?
Of the languages I know about, most of them (not Chinese, Japanese, etc.) only have characters or character groups for specific sounds, and also can have a single specific sound generated by placing ...
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SAMPA of a language - phones or phonemes?
I currently hear a lecture with the topic "Spoken Language Processing" and I have problems to understand SAMPA. I know that the IPA encodes the phones of human languages, so its possible to encode the ...
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