Questions tagged [stress]
Emphasis given to a syllable relative to other syllables.
80 questions
1
vote
0
answers
68
views
Are there linguistic maps/infographs of the typology of the manifestation of stress
On WALS, Chapters about stress:
14 Fixed Stress Locations
15 Weight-Sensitive Stress
16 Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems
17 Rhythm Types
It is much much more difficult to define ...
- 374
6
votes
1
answer
528
views
What is the linguistic terminology for cases where the intonation or stress of a syllable determines its meaning?
What is the linguistic terminology for cases where the intonation or stress of a syllable determines its meaning? I'm not referring to tonal languages, but rather examples like the German word ...
- 123
2
votes
0
answers
53
views
Is there a language that loudness alone is phonemic?
The prominence of a stressed syllable can be measured by: Loudness VS Duration VS Pitch
Amplitude usually comes together with duration (and/or) pitch. Usually pitch and duration are more important ...
- 374
0
votes
0
answers
43
views
Patterns of inflection for Italian natives in natural conversations and whether they're common in other languages
When speaking with Italian natives in both English and Italian, I've noticed that they tend to place a considerable amount of stress on every other word in a sentence (barring words like oh, ah, etc. ...
0
votes
0
answers
33
views
How can Kisserberth's idea of conspiracy is applicable in the generative explanation of word stress rules of a language X?
I am struggling to understand how can Kisserberth's concept of conspiracy is applicable in the generative explanation of word stress rules of a particular language X?
Now, if we refer to Kager's (...
- 1
6
votes
1
answer
112
views
Why do nouns typically have their main stress on the penultimate while verbs on the ultimate (according to theories other than that of Hayes)?
I'm working on English stress acquisition by non-native speakers for my Master's Thesis. According to the theories of Hayes (1981) and, subsequently, Halle & Vergnaud (1987), extrametricality (i.e....
- 61
0
votes
2
answers
122
views
How can we represent a stressed monosyllabic word?
According to Wiktionary, in Chinese, the word 是 means "truly; indeed" when it is stressed. However, according to Wikipedia, it appears that the concept of word stress is not applicable to a ...
- 1
2
votes
2
answers
501
views
In English, how exactly does intonation reflect stress?
I have not read this book, just googling my question.
Although most naive native listeners feel that stress has something to do with loudness (as indeed it can, but not necessarily so), the main ...
- 23
2
votes
1
answer
300
views
Phonemic transcriptions for English compound words
I have a question about the phonemic transcription for compound words in English. Is there a general rule? Specifically,
Should there be space/hyphen/no space between each element in a compound?
How ...
- 23
3
votes
1
answer
223
views
Is there a term for words differing in stress (only)?
That is words that is pronunced equally except the stress pattern differs. For example "digest /daɪˈdʒɛst/" (verb) and "digest /ˈdaɪdʒɛst/" (noun). Or even the case where the ...
- 151
0
votes
5
answers
122
views
Do some languages use lexical stress to differentiate words with unrelated meanings?
In English, lexical stress is occasionally used to differentiate words with the same consonant and vowel phonemes and that have related meanings. (Please forgive the incomplete definitions.)
re ˈpeat ...
- 8,780
3
votes
2
answers
157
views
History and Reason of Portuguese accentuation marks
What is the background of having rules for marking the accentuated syllables in Portuguese? For example the word "tecnológica" is a proparoxytone, and all of these words must have a graphic ...
0
votes
3
answers
350
views
Where does phonemic stress come from?
Why did some languages develop phonemic stress but others did not?
Based on cursory Google searches, English and Russian have phonemic stress, but not Icelandic. English is far more closely related to ...
user31190
6
votes
2
answers
1k
views
What's the difference between primary and secondary stresses?
I've heard that secondary stress is more weaker than primary stress but aside from that is there any noticeable difference the two kinds of stresses?
2
votes
1
answer
219
views
How do you write the phonological rule for if something occurs before a stressed syllable?
I have the notion that /t/ and /th/ (aspirated [t]) are complementary allophones. How would I write the rule that an aspirated t occurs at the beginning of a word and the beginning of a stressed ...
- 35
1
vote
0
answers
83
views
In Russian, why can a multisyllabic second declension noun stressed on the last syllable not get a plural in -а?
There are a few hundred nouns of the second declension in Russian that do not have a nominative plural in the expected -ы but rather in -а, e.g. город-города. This ending is also invariably stressed.
...
- 111
2
votes
1
answer
302
views
How can I recognize the placement of stress in a word/syllable?
My native language is Georgian and ever since I got interested in linguistics and learned about the existence of stress I've tried to to recognize where it falls in a syllable but whenever I try to ...
2
votes
2
answers
529
views
Do sentences have primary and secondary stresses?
I know that stress can shift in an English phrase or sentence to emphasize the words that mean more specifically what the speaker wishes to express, however I'm talking about the general stress where ...
- 395
2
votes
1
answer
231
views
Is there an IPA symbol to represent both primary or secondary stress?
I was just wondering if there is an IPA symbol to represent stress in general, be that primary or secondary stress, just one symbol for both?
- 395
3
votes
1
answer
574
views
What kind of stress is this?
I found the word "ice-free" is pronounced /ˈˌaɪsˈˌfri/ in Oxford English Dictionary, but what kind of stress is this? Should it be called 'there are two primary stresses and two secondary ...
- 605
4
votes
2
answers
205
views
When teaching word stress to ESL students, is it worth teaching secondary stress placement?
I often incorporate stress training into my classes as it is very important for intelligibility (as better awareness of stress placement will give students clearer speaking and better listening skills)...
- 181
6
votes
1
answer
2k
views
What are the stress-distinguished minimal pairs in English?
I already know of two non-homograph ones: insight and billow.
Insight /ˈɪnsʌɪt/ is phonemically identical to incite /ɪn'sʌɪt/ except for where the stress falls (first syllable in insight, second ...
user31190
6
votes
2
answers
447
views
Are there terms for homophones that vary by syllabic emphasis?
Is there a technical term for words that have the same phonemes but are distinguished by syllabic emphasis?
E.g., abstract is æb-strækt, but emphasis on the first syllable is a different word from ...
- 191
0
votes
1
answer
212
views
What are the differences of word stress, lexical stress and metrical stress?
It is said lexical stress is word stress, but I don't understand why they named it differently.
0
votes
1
answer
111
views
Resources on stress, tone and pitch evolution
I am interested in the stress, tone and pitch (STP) aspects of historical linguistics. How do phonetic and other types of changes affect STP changes? How do languages end up with entirely different ...
0
votes
1
answer
60
views
The affixation differentiating between nominal arithmetic and adjectival arithmetic
Since a suprafix can be the change of stress somewhere in the word (or other suprasegmental elements), and since accentuation plays a role in differentiating the noun arithmetic from the adjective ...
- 225
1
vote
2
answers
265
views
In English the suffix sometimes changes the stress pattern of the rest of the word. Is English the only language with this system?
TELephone, telePHONic, teLEphony. PHOTograph, photoGRAphic,photOgraphy. biOLogy, bioLOGical.
The suffix changes the stress pattern of the rest of the word. Is English the only language with this ...
7
votes
3
answers
1k
views
What does linguistics call sets of words with the same spelling, different (but perhaps related) meaning, and different emphasized syllables?
In my idiolect, the word "defense", with the emphasis on the first syllable means "the role of defending". With the emphasis on the second syllable, it means "the act of ...
- 467
3
votes
1
answer
179
views
Vowels in the second syllable of 'harmonic' and 'harmonious'
I came across a question on English Language & Usage asking about why the vowels in the second syllable of 'harmonic' and 'harmonious' are pronounced differently.
Harmonic → /hɑːˈmɒn.ɪk/
...
- 1,389
1
vote
0
answers
143
views
Moraic vs Non-Moraic Codas
What determines a coda to be moraic or non-moraic relative to stress? I am a little confused about this.
- 19
4
votes
0
answers
146
views
Stress bearing suffixes in Optimality Theory
Stress bearing suffixes in English words like Chinese, Japanese, cigarette, fifteen violate the non-finality constraint. Can anyone explain what other constraints outrank non-finality and allows the ...
- 1,389
5
votes
1
answer
190
views
Is increased loudness a necessary characteristic of the stress in Russian?
According to wikipedia's definition of stress: That emphasis is typically caused by such properties as increased loudness and vowel length, full articulation of the vowel, and changes in tone.
In ...
- 1,087
2
votes
0
answers
54
views
Is there a principled reason behind differing compound verb stress in English?
Is there a principled difference between compound verbs in English with stress on the first root and those with stress on the second root?
First root stress compound verbs:
Dropkick
Spoonfeed
...
- 21
1
vote
3
answers
1k
views
Why does IPA have stress in /ɡəˈʃtɔlt/ before instead of after the /ʃ/?
Why does IPA have stress here /ɡəˈʃtɔlt/ instead of here /ɡəʃˈtɔlt/?
- 127
0
votes
1
answer
117
views
Do stressed (in e.g. English) or pitched (in e.g. Japanese) phones contribute to different phonemes?
In proper tonal languages such as cantonese or mandarin, the phones a phoneme comprises of share the same tone. In other words, mā (in pinyin) and má are clearly different phonemes.
If I were to look ...
- 111
39
votes
4
answers
7k
views
Why isn't "I've" a proper response?
Suppose someone asked me the question, "Have you completed the project?". A standard response would be "I have". Why does the equivalent "I've" sound so strange and never used as a replacement?
I am ...
- 501
2
votes
3
answers
815
views
Do all languages use emphasis to communicate importance?
So, I was just writing a sentence along the lines of "...the sales person will not enter the information....".
I went back and wrote it as "...the sales person will not enter the information...." to ...
- 247
3
votes
0
answers
106
views
How are LH words assigned stress in Latin if we assume maximally bimoraic feet?
I recently came across a paper, "The Quantitative Trochee in Latin" (by R. Armin Mester, 1994) that seems to argue that feet in Latin were "strictly" bimoraic.
The arguments that Mester gives for ...
- 18.7k
9
votes
2
answers
1k
views
How did Latin get its stress pattern?
As far as I know, Latin had a word-initial accent for some time of its history after losing the Indo-European accent. I am wondering why Latin then switched to an ante-/pen-ultima stress pattern.
5
votes
2
answers
395
views
'Interstitial' tones in Thai
You don't have to listen to authentic Thai for very long to realize that comparatively few words are pronounced with the dictionary tone.
All the learning material out there seems to be focused on ...
user23078
1
vote
1
answer
264
views
The rule of location of stress in English verbs
There are three sets of verbs to point out the location of stress, which are: (Bold implies stress)
A => exit
B => exist
C => improve, surprise
C - consonant / V - Vowel
According to this data, ...
- 176
0
votes
1
answer
64
views
Different ways to interpret stressed words in a sentence
I'm reading an introductory book on syntax and one of the exercises says to discuss the interpretations which the italicized expression can have in the given sentences and to give an appropriate ...
- 939
0
votes
1
answer
413
views
Accurately representing stress
Wondering how to accurately represent stress. In IPA, stress, is marked with ˈ◌. But in languages like Spanish (don't know of other languages that use acute accent, other than Ancient Greek), you have ...
- 4,438
0
votes
1
answer
6k
views
Types of "stress" in language
Wondering what are all the different kinds of "stress" (so to speak) in any language. I just found out about Prosodic Stress which is pretty cool.
I didn't take the test yesterday. (Somebody else ...
- 4,438
0
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Example of stress or tone on a consonant
Wondering if there is such thing as stress on a consonant, e.g. t́, ĺ, ḿ, ś, ʃ́... If so, what the example language would be. I haven't seen any on Wikipedia.
Same thing for tone, I haven't seen ...
- 4,438
1
vote
2
answers
820
views
Does syntactic stress exist?
From what I know, stress can only be assigned at the level of the word (as in English) or the level of the sentence (as in French). Can any natural language assign it syntactically, e.g., "the first ...
- 75
3
votes
2
answers
3k
views
Sentence stress detection
I was looking for APIs for the detection of sentence stress, also known as prosodic stress, based on input audio.
(Ideally, I was hoping for a library able to assess the level of prominence of a ...
- 563
1
vote
1
answer
159
views
Measuring phonetic correlates of stress (intensity in particular)
It's normal enough for people to say that we can attribute the percept of 'stress accent' to certain acoustic correlates – usually higher relative fundamental frequency, intensity, and duration of ...
0
votes
1
answer
199
views
What does "directionality of footing" mean?
How do we understand if the foot construction is Right to Left or Left to Right? Does it have to do with the head of the foot?
For example, in a trochee (the head is leftmost in the foot), is the ...
- 579
2
votes
0
answers
92
views
Does the scope of negation change when there is a stressed word within a sentence?
For example, in the sentence ‘your daughter don’t hate school’, the scope of negation would be entire sentence.
However if 'your' is phonologically stressed like 'YOUR daughter don't hate school', ...
- 21