Linguistics

Questions tagged [transliteration]

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Notations used to represent the graphemes of one script using another one.

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basis for google's transliteration of Arabic texts

How does Google translate decided to transliterate texts in Arabic? For example, the headline: محتجون غاضبون يهاجمون منزل رئيس وزراء لبنان المكلف Is transliterated as: muhtajuwn ghadibun yuhajimun ...
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498 views

Using Polish-inspired z Digraphs for Czech, Slovak

Is it ever okay, i.e. where technical circumstances restrict the available character set (e.g. slugified URLs), to systematically substitute cz, dz, lz, nz, rz, sz, tz and zz for Czech and Slovak ...
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What is Ś in Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform?

In a few different places (1) (2), ORACC lists Ś (S with acute accent, U+015A) as a Unicode character used for Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform transcription. However, I've never seen this letter used (in ...
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71 views

Deruny, deruni or deryni? [closed]

What is the correct spelling of potato pancakes, If we take the Russian or Ukrainian origin of the word? Deruny, deruni or deryni? A google search for the etymology says deryny And Wikipedia: Potato ...
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Is Arabiv ی is romanized/transliterated as u with a line above it?

As you can see in this link, Banu Hashem is not بنوهاشم, but بنی هاشم in Arabic. But u is used mostly for و and not for ی. I'm puzzled here and I can't find a good answer for this. Could you please ...
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90 views

Does SAFFA count as a transliteration source? [closed]

http://www.hebrewworks.com/Transliteration.htm Since the transliterations produced with this program are customizable, I was wondering if this program counts as a source for the existence of the ...
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Polish transliteration of בֵּית, בֵית, הֵא, פֵּא, פֵא, רֵישׁ [closed]

How would you transliterate the letter names בֵּית, בֵית, הֵא, פֵּא, פֵא, רֵישׁ in order to make it as clear as possible to an English speaker that you were using the Polish pronunciation of צירי as [...
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79 views

What should I do when transliterating Hebrew letter/vowel names?

I don't like using a transliteration if I haven't seen it being used elsewhere first, but I just can't find some of the spellings I want to use. My concern is this: If e.g. "yhhuh" isn't an ...
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103 views

Transliteration/Transcription of מְלאוּפּם [closed]

Notice that there is no vowel point under the פּ. This should probably be considered to be because of the fact that Hebrew is usually written without vowels, but I've never seen it written with a ...
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How to distinguish [i] from [iː] in Cyrillic? [closed]

Renglish/Рэнглиш (not mine) is an adaptation of Cyrillic for English. Most of the sounds seem ok, but how would you normally differentiate [i] in bit from the [iː] in beet using Cyrillic or would they ...
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280 views

Why the words for pineapple sound so similar in Hebrew and in German?

A word for "pineapple" in Hebrew is "אננס" and in German is "Ananas". The pronunciation of "אננס" in Hebrew and "Ananas" in German are so similar that I wonder if it is merely a coincidence or there ...
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49 views

How are the Ogham stones inscribed?

I earlier asked How to convert Old Irish Latin script to Ogham? and am not quite complete with the answer. I have a similar question still trying to dig into how to build an Ogham generator. But ...
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1answer
52 views

How do you decode the CELT transcriptions?

Is it really this complicated? I am looking at this Irish text on the CELT (Corpus of Electronic Texts) website, and it looks like this (with page lines scattered around): {MS folio 1a 1}IN ...
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1answer
65 views

When does cuneiform numbering "carry over"?

In theory, cuneiform glyphs are numbered to distinguish homophones: if there are two common glyphs pronounced /u/, one will be named U₁ and the other will be named U₂. If a glyph has multiple readings,...
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What is the point of transliteration that needs transliteration? Specifically, Mesoamerican languages

So I'm looking at a bag of "XOCHiTL" corn chips. The bag helpfully provides a pronunciation guide to the name, "so- cheel" with marks to indicate the accent is on the first syllable and long-O sound. ...
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275 views

Is Hebrew a language which can be transliterated programmatically according to a small set of clear rules?

English transliteration seems to require understanding the meaning of the expression you are transliterating. Anything that requires human-level intelligence to parse the sentence for transliteration/...
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87 views

How to build a robust transliteration scheme across languages?

So I am trying to imagine building a transliterator across languages that takes any language and converts it into IPA or some less-detailed equivalent (like a Romanization). I am thinking about ...
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103 views

Is it straightforward to map Arabic script to romanized pronunciation?

I am not concerned with the exact IPA pronunciation, which might depend on dialect and culture and other factors. Instead I'm wondering if it's relatively straightforward to "transliterate" Arabic ...
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1answer
221 views

How are cuneiform glyphs numbered?

In Sumerian (and thus Akkadian, Hittite, etc) cuneiform, there are often several glyphs which have the same pronunciation (as far as we can tell). So the glyphs pronounced /u/ will be transliterated ...
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318 views

When was the name of Wales first attested in Romanian, and in which form?

As a native speaker, I am amazed that in Romanian the name of Wales, when it was introduced, very probably in the 19th century, was translated as Ţara Galilor, literally "Country of the Gauls", unlike ...
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740 views

Excepting Romanian, is "Wales" ever translated/transliterated in modern languages with the same term as that meaning "Gaul" or "Gauls"?

I have noticed that in Romanian the name of Wales is Ţara Galilor, which literally means Country of the Gauls or "Gauls-land". I consider this not just unusual, something that is not present ...
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How to transliterate Devanagari into Brahmi (mainly, diacritics)

I have been messing around with converting a large Devanagari Sanskrit text to Brahmi using a simple mapping function. There is also this table showing how most of the characters map. I found one that ...
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3answers
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Why do English transliterations of Arabic names have so many Qs in them?

I remember when the Muslim holy book was the Koran when I was in middle school, but now it's the Quran. But it's always been Qatar and Iraq (but still Kuwait.) Who decided that 'Q' was going to be ...
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How do we know for sure a transliteration is lossless?

Looking at this it says it's lossless (Wylie Transliteration). ག ga ང nga ཉ nya ན na What if you had sequences like ནག (ng, or is it naga)? Is it lossless because we can guarantee that every ...
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What is the purpose of transliteration?

On the Wylie Tibetan Transliteration page (original paper), it says: Previous transcription schemes sought to split the difference with the result that they achieved neither goal perfectly. Wylie ...
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167 views

How to transliterate/transcribe/romanize Ancient Egyptian

I've already asked about how to rewrite the hieroglyphs using Unicode, which requires using Gardiner's List (over 1000 hieroglyphs). However, if you look at Wikipedia's Transliterating Ancient ...
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1answer
140 views

Why is there no standard romanization scheme for Arabic?

There have been several romanization schemes for the Chinese languages over the years, and in recent decades we seem to have settled in Pinyin as the system of choice. There doesn't seem to be a ...
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Why is "Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani" transliterated with a Chi in Matthew and Mark?

In Matthew 27:46 (Mark 15:34), Jesus says "Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani (σαβαχθανί)", which is translated "My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?". Why is this supposedly Aramaic word ...
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Verifying these resources are accurate written representations for each language using Latin script

I am a bit confused by the languages that use the Latin script, not sure if the version of the Latin script they are using is a transliteration of something else, or if that is actually what the ...
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148 views

Why is it that Babylonian king names do not match their Akkadian equivalent?

I am trying to figure out why it is that Babylonian (and Assyrian) king names do not match their Akkadian transcription. For example, in the one known inscription for Nabonassar, which is written in ...
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1k views

Why did some Hebrew words beginning with Yod become transliterated into Latin as "hi?"

This is something I noticed when reading some different older English bibles. Often times, it seems there was originally & traditionally a digraph (I guess) ⟨Hi⟩ where now the more proper letter ⟨...
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215 views

Abbreviations for pinyin and hepburn transliterations?

Are there 2 letter ISO codes for the pinyin or hepburn transliterations? If not, are there non-ISO abbreviations in common use? Thanks.
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1answer
249 views

How is it possible to use a single Latin alphabet for Persian which will represent ALL three standards?

How can there be a SINGLE standard Latin script (mainly for International purposes) which properly represent standard Iranian Persian, Afghan Persian and Tajik Persian. Especially the different ...
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1answer
320 views

Transliteration-transcription method for ancient Greek & Arabic

I am currently working on a paper that deals with a Psalm from the Septuagint known as the Violet fragment - LXX, Psalm 77.The particular verses i am interested in, are written in Greek uncials, ...
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182 views

Why is ⟨Г⟩ in Belarusian commonly Anglicised as ⟨h⟩, not ⟨g⟩?

The Cyrillic letter Ge (Г) is often Anglicised as ⟨g⟩. However, this depends on its pronunciation within each source language. Ge in Ukrainian is closest to the English /h/, and is therefore ...
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1answer
252 views

Which Chinese Romanisation system is most intelligible to English speakers?

This may be a difficult question, because I've heard that pronunciation can vary greatly even within Chinese-speaking countries. I'm also not really aware of when Mandarin or Cantonese would be used; ...
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1answer
96 views

Transliteration of Cyrillic

I have created a language that uses the Cyrillic alphabet, but I'm unsure as to how I can transliterate these letters for English-speaking readers: Ii - this is pronounced as a hard letter 'i', as in ...
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1answer
120 views

Has Russian to Spanish transliteration changed much over the centuries?

I want to know which norms might have governed the spelling of some Russian names which were written down in Spanish around around 1750 - 1850. A number of formal standards exist today, such as ISO 9, ...
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Are there any existing guidelines for romanizing Aynu Itak?

I've asked the same question over on Japanese Language Stack Exchange, but I think that the focus on the Japanese language alone will net few results overall. What I'm looking for is a standardized ...
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4answers
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How to transliterate the following Arabic letters in English [closed]

I am interested in how to transcribe the following Arabic letters oh English. The letter "families" I Ann interested in are: ع غ ر and ك ق ء I think one of the first two would be a "gh", but not ...
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357 views

How are the three phonetically distinct Arabic h's transcribed in English?

In Arabic we have three types of "h" sounds, as in the following list: ح خ ه I would like to know, which of these sounds is commonly transcribed as "kh" in English, and how are the other two "h" ...
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267 views

When transliterating into the Latin alphabet, what does an apostrophe mean? [closed]

As an example, the Hebrew word for if can be written in the English alphabet as ’im. What does the apostrophe represent here?
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676 views

Why does IAST exist when IPA is there?

When IPA can incorporate most of the sounds with Roman like symbols. Why do we need IAST? Why do we need yet another standard for representing Indic scripts/sounds? If non phone-city of Roman ...
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1answer
193 views

Where can I find a translation for romanized (english texted) sanskrit into english?

I am trying to find a translator link to change romanized or english texted sanskrit (as in bollywood and other Indian songs and chants) into actual english so that I can understand what the song ...
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1answer
589 views

How to Transcribe R-colored Vowels (ɝ, ɚ, ɑ˞,ɔ˞) in X-SAMPA?

I'm looking at the Arpabet page on Wikipedia, and note some entries like this: Arpabet | IPA | Word Examples ER | ɝ | her (HH ER0); bird (B ER1 D); hurt (HH ER1 T), nurse (N ER1 S) Now, I'm ...
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389 views

When transliterating English words to Korean, why does the first F become a ㅎ?

(EDIT: this question now has a new home at https://korean.stackexchange.com/) (Please visit https://korean.stackexchange.com/ for questions about Korean language) Most Korean words and sounds do not ...
2
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1answer
98 views

What do we call this phenomenon of the gap between media and everyday language?

In Persian, the word for nest is لانه, which is pronounced somehow as /lʌne/. However, in everyday spoken language, people usually pronounce it as /lune/, and they usually write it as لونه. So, ...
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1k views

Why was the name תאומא transliterated as Θωμᾶς (Thomas) rather than Τωμᾶς (Tomas)?

Thomas derives from Aramaic תאומא (cognate with the Hebrew תאום). My understanding was that Aramaic, like Tiberian Hebrew, had the fricative [θ] as a conditioned allophone for the plosive [t], and ...
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1answer
159 views

Do Persian Jews voice Hebrew ק?

I recently saw the Hebrew name יעקב transliterated into (American) English by Persian Jews as Yaghob. I find this curious (because the ע isn't transliterated, but that's a question for another time, ...
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9k views

Why "Kampuchea" → "Cambodia"?

Many place names in English are anglicizations/transliterations of their native names. Of those, many place names in Asia seem to have undergone a change over the past few decades: they've gone from a ...

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