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Results tagged with syntax
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user 13403
The study of the internal structure of expressions, especially between words and phrases, and the principles and processes that determine it. This includes words order, but also the grammatical relations that hold between words, as well as structural ambiguity, binding, reference, and similar issues. Common approaches are numerous phrase structure grammars (GPSG, HPSG, LFG, G&B, X-bar, Minimalism, ...) and, on the other hand, dependency grammars.
1
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confusion around what constitutes a complex sentence
[1] [I don't [like [cooking ready meals]]].
There are three clauses in [1], as bracketed, two of which are subordinate. The outer set of brackets surround the matrix (main) clause, i.e. the whole se …
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2
votes
What is the name of the grammatical function of "there" in "there is"?
There is an apple on the counter.
This is an existential clause where "there" is a dummy pronoun functioning as subject.
"There" is simply the marker of a grammatical construction, serving to fill t …
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0
votes
Accepted
How are cleft sentences different from normal structures
For the sake of simplicity, I have treated "that" as a relative pronoun. Strictly speaking, it's actually a subordinator.
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1
vote
Category & Function
[1] They are fond of bull-fighting, [which I find quite repulsive].
[2] My wife hated the fact [that the children left their clothes strewn
across the floor].
You are right: the bracketed element in …
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5
votes
I have my hair cut - "my hair" a Direct Object?
I have my hair [cut].
This is a catenative construction, where causative "have" is a catenative verb with the past-participial clause "cut" functioning as its catenative complement.
The intervening …
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2
votes
Resultative secondary predicate
John entered the room angry.
I'd say that "angry" is an optional depictive functioning as a 'predicative adjunct'.
It's an adjunct because it's an optional item functioning here as a modifier in claus …
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1
vote
Why is the subject outside the VP in most theories of syntax?
The object is a kind of complement since it satisfies the licensing requirements.
The subject is rather different: all canonical clauses contain a subject, so in a sense subjects are compatible with a …
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3
votes
NP or DP for "that book"
I like that book.
In the DP theory, the determinative "that" is head and the noun is the dependent. The demonstrative determinative "that" is just as much a determiner here as "the" is, so there is …
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1
vote
Is "Since + clause" a noun clause or adverbial clause in this phrase?
It's been a while since I've seen you.
Traditional grammar classifies this "since" as a conjunction. But "since" can also uncontroversially occur as a preposition when it has an NP as complement, an …
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1
vote
Accepted
How to draw the tree diagram for this sentence?
Here's a simplified tree of your sentence. Note the prenucleus in object function.
Yes, "to the dog" is a PP. and "gave to the dog" is a VP.
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3
votes
What is the name of introductory expressions like "It is not the case that..."
They are not constituents, but just parts of ones that are best called fragments.
In full, as in for example "It is highly unlikely that Ed will turn up", they are extraposition constructions, in whi …
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2
votes
Does the relative clause (which suggests...) here function as an adjunct of the whole clause...
The high notes returned to his compositions towards the end of his
life, [which suggests he was hearing the works that were taking shape
in his imagination].
Yes, it is an adjunct, more speci …
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3
votes
What's the difference between a modifier and a complement?
It's all about something called licensing.
Matthews in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics defines 'complement' as 'A syntactic element seen as completing the construction of another element …
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1
vote
Accepted
Determining the head of the sentence
They will vote against government plans to privatize hospitals
You are right. The head determines the category of the phrase, though not the function. The head of a clause is a verb phrase, and t …
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1
vote
"He kept a black book in his desk." Is "in his desk" an adjunct or a complement?
[1] He kept it handy.
[2] He kept it in the drawer.
Briefly, Huddleston & Pullum in CGEL pp. 257-8, note that there is a structural similarity between the predicative complement in [1] and t …
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