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....of artifacts covered by deposits...

The English agent suffix –er, as in "fighter", goes back to a proto-Germanic *-ārijaz, which is widely held to be ancient borrowing from the Latin suffix –ārius. …

"God helps them who help themselves" is a well-known proverb in English. Your second sentence ("I pity them who...") is correct English, though not perhaps the most usual way to say this. …

English wasp is inherited Germanic (Old English wæsf). William and war are borrowed from Norman French, where /gw/ had been simplified to /w/. …

English speakers refer to all countries as "it", not "he" or "she", except occasionally in a poetic or rhetorical context. …

The semantic development of English “with” is neatly described in the Oxford English Dictionary as follows: The prevailing senses of this prep[osition] in the earliest periods are those of opposition … The most remarkable development in the signification of with consists in its having taken over in the Middle English period the chief senses belonging properly to Old English mid mid prep.1 (cognate …

The traditional English pronunciation of the digraph “ae” is /i:/, as in Caesar, encyclopaedia (US: “e”), haematoma (US: “e”), paedophilia (US: “e”) and lots more. … English is not Latin. …

The English word “obtain” derives from the Latin verb obtineo, directly or via French obtenir. … Latin, is even more formal in English. …

Persian āhista آهسته “slow, gentle” begins with a long ā. The Indo-European privative prefix *ṇ- appears in Iranian (and still in Middle Persian) as short a- before consonants and an- before vowels. I …

I would call it a tautology. But this is not really a question about linguistics, but about logic.

I would say that “the angry with her brother girl” is not grammatically correct in English, though you might have a hard time finding a rule to that effect in an English grammar. …

In the earliest form of these expressions, in Old English the adjs. léofre, betre were construed with be and the dative, e.g. him wǽre betere = it would be better for him. … In Middle English, side by side with this, appears have and the nominative, in the sense ‘he (I, etc.) would hold or find it better or preferable’. …

Michaelyus has given a good answer to the "why" part of your question. To reply only to the last part of the question: there are not any "strange" rules you could learn to help you to pronounce a new …

In English we use two etymologically distinct words for ‘buy’ and ‘sell’, but German uses ‘kaufen’ and ‘verkaufen’, that is: ‘sell’ is ‘buy’ with a directional prefix. Compare English 'import' vs. …

Here are the entries from DWDS: Ei n. aus Schale, Eiweiß und Eigelb bestehendes Hühner-, Vogelei, ahd. (8. Jh.), mhd. asächs. mnl. nl. ei, mnd. ey, aengl. ǣg (engl. egg aus dem Anord.), anord. egg, s …