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Orthography is a set of rules that determine the correct way of writing in a certain language, including norms about spelling, punctuation and word breaks. Orthography is usually not considered part of natural language or grammar itself and therefore not strictly a subject of linguistics, but sometimes of interest in investigating individual languages' pronunciation and writing systems.

0 votes
1 answer
127 views

If either there exists an Avesta book online in Avestan Script, or if you can transfer back ...

I have been trying to find a copy of the Avesta in Avestan Script, but the closest I could find was from http://www.avesta.org/avesta.html, which is written in some sort of romanized script: ashem …
Lance Pollard's user avatar
-3 votes
3 answers
804 views

Why do some written languages have multiple symbols for a single sound?

For some written languages, there are multiple symbols to stand for one sound. Here are a few examples: tibetan ཨ [a] ⟨ꞏa⟩ འ [a] ⟨ʼa⟩ hebrew ך [χ] כ [ …
Lance Pollard's user avatar
-2 votes
1 answer
323 views

What IPA does in these complex cases

Basically, I'm wondering if (a) they are just ignoring these possibilities because the IPA orthography gets too messy, or (b) these combinations never occur. …
Lance Pollard's user avatar
0 votes
4 answers
2k views

If romanization can be reversed (back to original script) in some languages

So it turns out that pinyin can't be reversed back to Chinese characters. However, I keep seeing images like the ones below for different languages (the images below are for Hindi and Japanese, but th …
Lance Pollard's user avatar
3 votes
2 answers
504 views

How do Egyptologists layout hieroglyphs in print?

I am looking for a layout system for the Egyptian hieroglyphs. For example, here are some. Do they lay it out pretty much exactly like it appears in the stone? And do they have a system or are t …
Lance Pollard's user avatar
1 vote
4 answers
2k views

Can you write Japanese in only Hiragana, or only Katakana, or only Chinese characters?

I don't know Japanese, but I notice they have a mixture of Hiragana, Katakana, and Chinese characters. Instead of a mixture, could you write a whole article in just one of them? Does this ever occur? …
Lance Pollard's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
104 views

Example of a language with tones, stress, and umlauts all in one (or something more complex)

Wondering what the languages have the most bells and whistles added to latin characters. For example, pinyin has ǘ which has the umlaut and the acute accent (just 2 additions). But I'm wondering if th …
Lance Pollard's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
564 views

How to annotate "popping" vs. non-popping sounds of sequential consonants

How to write (orthography) words in a distinct way to capture the essence of these pronunciations (I'll try to use IPA but probably will do it wrong so adding another variation). …
Lance Pollard's user avatar
-3 votes
2 answers
324 views

Languages without orthographic stress marks that still have words that differ based on stress

Wondering about languages with stress that don't mark it orthographically. For example, the only two languages I know of that actually mark stress are Ancient Greek and Spanish. It seems that marking …
Lance Pollard's user avatar
1 vote
2 answers
313 views

System for intermixing IPA with Orthography

to this sort of system are ones such as some of the Native American romanizations such as the Blackfoot orthography which adopt some of the IPA symbols as well. … The Cheyenne orthography is probably a better example. …
Lance Pollard's user avatar
-1 votes
4 answers
487 views

Where can I find a list of pronunciation rules for different languages?

I'm finding stuff like this in every language, but it's all written in sentence form scattered all over the place. Is there a central database of this sort of stuff for each language, or a book of som …
Lance Pollard's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
222 views

How consistent are the Egyptian Hieroglyph carvings orthographically?

Does it have to be exactly like that, or can we have some freedom when designing a font for Egyptian Hieroglyphic orthography? Could the snake be in a different pose? … I'm wondering how varied the orthography is across different specimens, or if it is as consistent as our computer-printed latin orthography so to speak. …
Lance Pollard's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
174 views

How to convert Old Irish Latin script to Ogham?

If you look on at an online Ogham Translator, it converts words like "crann" to ᚉᚏᚐᚅᚅ, which seems to be a letter-for-letter translation. The only guide I've seen to Old Irish pronunciation is this. B …
Lance Pollard's user avatar
-5 votes
1 answer
285 views

Can all scripts be used to write all different languages?

I was going to start by taking the letters (symbols/orthography) and writing the pronunciations. … Anyways, so then it seems like "we're back to a book combining both orthography and pronunciation" again... Like an "English" book, or a "Spanish" book, not a "Latin Orthography" book. …
Lance Pollard's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
2k views

How different is Old Persian / Avestan / Farsi from each other?

I am looking at dictionaries of the avesta and old persian of which there isn't much, and would like to collect words in the old persian cuneiform and avestan script. First part of the question is, ho …
Lance Pollard's user avatar

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