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  • yes-no questions1:
    Thai: ชอบหรือไม่ชอบ คุณก็ต้องทำ
    Romanization: "chop rue mai chop, khun ko tong tham"
    Literal translation: Like or not like, you must do (it).
    Standard English: Whether you like it or not, you have to do it.
    Gloss: ชอบ-chop=like หรือ-rue=or ไม่-mai=not ชอบ-chop=like คุณ-khun-you ก็-ko=PARTICLE ต้อง-tong=must ทำ-tham=do

  • wh-questions2:
    Thai: ใครอยากไป ยกมือขึ้นเจไม่อยาก
    Romanization: "khrai yak pai, yok mue khuen"je mai yak"
    Literal translation: Who wants (to) go, raiseJay (yourdoes) hand upnot want.
    Standard English: Whoever wants to go, raise your handJay doesn't want to.
    Gloss: ใคร-khrai=who อยาก-yak=want ไป-pai=go ยกเจ-yok=je=raiseJay มือไม่-mue=mai=handnot ขึ้นอยาก-khuen=yak=upwant

  • yes-no questions1:
    Thai: ชอบหรือไม่ชอบ คุณก็ต้องทำ
    Romanization: "chop rue mai chop, khun ko tong tham"
    Literal translation: Like or not like, you must do (it).
    Standard English: Whether you like it or not, you have to do it.
    Gloss: ชอบ-chop=like หรือ-rue=or ไม่-mai=not ชอบ-chop=like คุณ-khun-you ก็-ko=PARTICLE ต้อง-tong=must ทำ-tham=do

  • wh-questions2:
    Thai: ใครอยากไป ยกมือขึ้น
    Romanization: "khrai yak pai, yok mue khuen"
    Literal translation: Who wants (to) go, raise (your) hand up.
    Standard English: Whoever wants to go, raise your hand.
    Gloss: ใคร-khrai=who อยาก-yak=want ไป-pai=go ยก-yok=raise มือ-mue=hand ขึ้น-khuen=up

  • yes-no questions1:
    Thai: ชอบหรือไม่ชอบ คุณก็ต้องทำ
    Romanization: "chop rue mai chop, khun ko tong tham"
    Literal translation: Like or not like, you must do (it).
    Standard English: Whether you like it or not, you have to do it.
    Gloss: ชอบ-chop=like หรือ-rue=or ไม่-mai=not ชอบ-chop=like คุณ-khun-you ก็-ko=PARTICLE ต้อง-tong=must ทำ-tham=do

  • wh-questions2:
    Thai: ใครอยากไป เจไม่อยาก
    Romanization: "khrai yak pai, je mai yak"
    Literal translation: Who wants (to) go, Jay (does) not want.
    Standard English: Whoever wants to go, Jay doesn't want to.
    Gloss: ใคร-khrai=who อยาก-yak=want ไป-pai=go เจ-je=Jay ไม่-mai=not อยาก-yak=want

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  • yes-no questions1:
    Thai: ชอบหรือไม่ชอบ คุณก็ต้องทำ
    Romanization: "chop rue mai chop, khun ko tong tham"
    Literal translation: Like or not like, you must do (it).
    Standard English: Whether you like it or not, you have to do it.
    Gloss: ชอบ-chop=like หรือ-rue=or ไม่-mai=not ชอบ-chop=like คุณ-khun-you ก็-ko=PARTICLE ต้อง-tong=must ทำ-tham=do

  • wh-questions2:
    Thai: ใครอยากไป ยกมือขึ้น
    Romanization: "khrai yak pai, yok mue khuen"
    Literal translation: Who wants to(to) go, raise your(your) hand up.
    Standard English: Whoever wants to go, raise your hand.
    Gloss: ใคร-khrai=who อยาก-yak=want ไป-pai=go ยก-yok=raise มือ-mue=hand ขึ้น-khuen=up

  • yes-no questions1:
    Thai: ชอบหรือไม่ชอบ คุณก็ต้องทำ
    Romanization: "chop rue mai chop, khun ko tong tham"
    Literal translation: Like or not like, you must do (it).
    Standard English: Whether you like it or not, you have to do it.
    Gloss: ชอบ-chop=like หรือ-rue=or ไม่-mai=not ชอบ-chop=like คุณ-khun-you ก็-ko=PARTICLE ต้อง-tong=must ทำ-tham=do

  • wh-questions2:
    Thai: ใครอยากไป ยกมือขึ้น
    Romanization: "khrai yak pai, yok mue khuen"
    Literal translation: Who wants to go, raise your hand.
    Standard English: Whoever wants to go, raise your hand.
    Gloss: ใคร-khrai=who อยาก-yak=want ไป-pai=go ยก-yok=raise มือ-mue=hand ขึ้น-khuen=up

  • yes-no questions1:
    Thai: ชอบหรือไม่ชอบ คุณก็ต้องทำ
    Romanization: "chop rue mai chop, khun ko tong tham"
    Literal translation: Like or not like, you must do (it).
    Standard English: Whether you like it or not, you have to do it.
    Gloss: ชอบ-chop=like หรือ-rue=or ไม่-mai=not ชอบ-chop=like คุณ-khun-you ก็-ko=PARTICLE ต้อง-tong=must ทำ-tham=do

  • wh-questions2:
    Thai: ใครอยากไป ยกมือขึ้น
    Romanization: "khrai yak pai, yok mue khuen"
    Literal translation: Who wants (to) go, raise (your) hand up.
    Standard English: Whoever wants to go, raise your hand.
    Gloss: ใคร-khrai=who อยาก-yak=want ไป-pai=go ยก-yok=raise มือ-mue=hand ขึ้น-khuen=up

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  • There is nothing in Thai that is equivalent to the use of if in subordinate closed interrogative clauses. Thai has two main words for if, i.e., ถ้า ("tha") and หาก ("hak"). To express the same idea as English I don't know if Bertha accepted that offer in Thai, we would use หรือไม่/หรือเปล่า ("rue-mai"/"rue-plao"), which roughly means or not, e.g., (lit.) I don't know Bertha accepted that offer or not.
  • Thai doesn't use inversions like English, so an inversion in a main classclause interrogative such as Should you see Bob, tell him to phone me does not exist in Thai. To express the same idea, we always express it with ถ้า (if), e.g., (lit.) If you see Bob, tell him to phone me.

2The sense of "ever" is implied. To be explicit about this sense, we could use บ้าง ("bang"), e.g., Who wants to go บ้าง. ใครอยากไป(บ้าง) (lit.) Who wants to go (บ้าง)? is a question. When we have more than one wh-word, we use only a single บ้าง, e.g., ใครจะทำอะไรที่ไหนเมื่อไหร่กับใคร(บ้าง) ผมไม่ทราบ (lit.) Who(ever) do what(ever) where(ever) when(ever) with whom(ever), I don't know.

3All romanized transcriptions follow the Royal Thai General System of Transcription (RTGS).

  • There is nothing in Thai that is equivalent to the use of if in subordinate closed interrogative clauses. Thai has two main words for if, i.e., ถ้า ("tha") and หาก ("hak"). To express the same idea as English I don't know if Bertha accepted that offer in Thai, we would use หรือไม่/หรือเปล่า ("rue-mai"/"rue-plao"), which roughly means or not, e.g., (lit.) I don't know Bertha accepted that offer or not.
  • Thai doesn't use inversions like English, so an inversion in a main class interrogative such as Should you see Bob, tell him to phone me does not exist in Thai. To express the same idea, we always express it with ถ้า (if), e.g., (lit.) If you see Bob, tell him to phone me.

2The sense of "ever" is implied. To be explicit about this sense, we could use บ้าง ("bang"), e.g., Who wants to go บ้าง. ใครอยากไป(บ้าง) (lit.) Who wants to go (บ้าง)? is a question. When we have more than one wh-word, we use only a single บ้าง, e.g., ใครจะทำอะไรที่ไหนเมื่อไหร่กับใคร(บ้าง) ผมไม่ทราบ (lit.) Who(ever) do what(ever) where(ever) when(ever) with whom(ever), I don't know.

  • There is nothing in Thai that is equivalent to the use of if in subordinate closed interrogative clauses. Thai has two main words for if, i.e., ถ้า ("tha") and หาก ("hak"). To express the same idea as English I don't know if Bertha accepted that offer in Thai, we would use หรือไม่/หรือเปล่า ("rue-mai"/"rue-plao"), which roughly means or not, e.g., (lit.) I don't know Bertha accepted that offer or not.
  • Thai doesn't use inversions like English, so an inversion in a main clause interrogative such as Should you see Bob, tell him to phone me does not exist in Thai. To express the same idea, we always express it with ถ้า (if), e.g., (lit.) If you see Bob, tell him to phone me.

2The sense of "ever" is implied. To be explicit about this sense, we could use บ้าง ("bang"), e.g., Who wants to go บ้าง. ใครอยากไป(บ้าง) (lit.) Who wants to go (บ้าง)? is a question. When we have more than one wh-word, we use only a single บ้าง, e.g., ใครจะทำอะไรที่ไหนเมื่อไหร่กับใคร(บ้าง) ผมไม่ทราบ (lit.) Who(ever) do what(ever) where(ever) when(ever) with whom(ever), I don't know.

3All romanized transcriptions follow the Royal Thai General System of Transcription (RTGS).

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