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The discrete and distinctive units constituting the internalized inventory of sounds of a language. A sequence of phonemes is the preverbal form of a word. Phonemes may be systematically distorted upon verbalization, resulting in an allophone. Phonemes and allophones are both "phones".

9 votes

How do you determine the phonemes in small phonemic inventories?

(It has no other nasal phonemes, and arguably no other velar phonemes.) So the question here is, "Is this Mystery Consonant really a /g/, or is it really an /n/?" … For what it's worth, too, it's not terribly uncommon for languages to lack nasal phonemes. …
Leah Velleman's user avatar
9 votes

If similar phonemes are pronounced the same, will this be difficult to understand for a nati...

Another way to find "safe" mergers in a language is to look for mergers that some native speakers of that language make. For instance, in English, many speakers merge "cot" and "caught" (i.e. fail to …
Leah Velleman's user avatar
14 votes
Accepted

Which languages other than Chinese have apical vowels?

The Mandarin apical vowels are examples of syllabic fricatives — that is, fricative sounds that form the nucleus of a syllable, as a vowel generally would. (Sometimes syllabic fricatives are also cal …
Leah Velleman's user avatar