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Dependency grammar, often abbreviated as DG, is a particular approach to the syntax of natural languages. DGs view words as directly linked to each other, whereby the links are directed. Phrases consist of a head/root word and its dependents.

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how does a dependency grammar finds a root?

The question of which verb is the root is largely settled among theoreticians, contrary to what lemontheme writes. The root is the finite verb, not the/a non-finite verb. This is the stance adopted by …
Tim Osborne's user avatar
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1 vote

How do surface and deep syntax differ in dependency grammars?

That depends of course on the particular dependency grammar (DG) that one chooses. There are many versions of DG, and they disagree about such matters in important ways. Lucien Tesnière, the father of …
Tim Osborne's user avatar
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3 votes
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In these sentences, are these direct objects and oprds?

Yes, your analyses are correct. The adjectives interesting, very happy, and green are object predicatives, that is, they are predications over the object each time (not over the subject). The dependen …
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Dependency Trees of types of clauses

Basic clause patterns can indeed be captured in dependency grammars (DGs) along the lines suggested in the question. However, much rides of course on the language under investigation, since the basic …
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Do formal language theory have concepts corresponding to dependency grammars?

Yes and no. The same sources of recursivity in syntax, i.e. coordination and embedding, exist in both phrase structures and dependency structures. Both broad approaches can also be formalized in a way …
Tim Osborne's user avatar
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3 votes

How does a dependency grammar generate strings?

The context free rewrite rules - as associated most with early Chomskyan syntax - can easily be reworked in terms of dependency: G = (T, R), where T is the set of terminals and R is the set of rewrite …
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Where can I find a good primer of dependency grammar?

There is no good introductory textbook on dependency grammar (DG) in English that I am aware of; certainly nothing at the level of Linda Thomas' book, which is really very basic. The books linked to i …
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1 vote

removing modifiers but still keep the meaning of sentence

The question actually concerns adjuncts. Adjuncts are optional constituents that can be removed from a sentence without rendering the sentence ungrammatical. The modifiers mentioned in the question ar …
Tim Osborne's user avatar
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2 votes
1 answer
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How can one best formalize dependency structures in terms of rules?

I am looking for guidance in forming mathematically-inspired rules for dependency syntax. I know about the rewrite rules for dependency structures produced by Hays (1964), but I am wondering whether t …
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2 votes

Governors of adjectives in dependency grammars

No. The annotation choices referred to in the question that are currently encountered in in some dependency treebanks are not well motivated linguistically. The question is centrally concerned with …
Tim Osborne's user avatar
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2 votes

In what ways might dependency grammar be a better fit for free word order languages?

Dependency structures tend to be flatter than phrase structures, which produces fewer opportunities for discontinuities to occur in the syntax. These flatter structures are the reason why many depende …
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1 vote

Syntax trees associated with Prepositional Phrases as subject

The first dependency grammar (DG) parse given in the question looks like this: The second DG parse given in the question looks like this: Neither of those two parses is linguistically well-motiv …
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2 votes
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Analysis of relative pronouns in dependency grammar

There are at least four basic analyses of relative clauses that one encounters in the DG literature. These four analyses are illustrated with the next dependency trees/graphs of the noun phrase the pe …
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9 votes

What is dependency grammar and what are the possible relationships?

Dependency grammar (DG) is an approach to the study of the syntax and grammar of natural languages that is quite distinct from phrase structure grammar (PSG), which is also known as constituency gramm …
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2 votes

Dependency Grammar constraints

Projectivity is a concept that applies to both dependency grammars (DGs) and constituency grammars (CGs). The extent to which it is applicable to both approaches to syntax is discussed and illustrated …
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