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You can find a way to write binary branching diagrams for context free phrase structure grammar (cfpsg) or any of its notational variants (including dependency grammar). …

James McCawley describes time and place adverbs as logical predicates of events or conditions which are grammatically expressed as sentences. He gives some evidence that such adverbs can either modif …

For this sort of exercise, I think you need to take into account verb phrases (VP) and make some assumptions about the SVO structure of an English sentence and what the heads of various phrases are, a …

If you consider the meaning of "My sister likes to shop" to be the set of possible worlds in which this sentence is true, then the meaning of "My sister, Susan, likes to shop" is more limited, since i …

John Ross's CNPC (Complex NP Constraint) describes the fact of English that after extracting one NP, corresponding to the relative pronoun from a relative clause, no other NP can be extracted from tha …

A good example of a formal and generative grammar is Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, which is a large scale context free phrase structure grammar that reconstructs much, or perhaps all, of classical … transformational grammar. …

I am partial to the Relational Grammar account which derives the double object construction by promoting an indirect object to a direct object (and demoting the former direct object to Chomeur). …

Sentences are useful because a language is a set of sentences. (And without language, where would we be?)

If only Transformational Grammar had worked, our East Coast brethren wouldn't have gotten into this pickle. … My own view is that giving up on context free grammar was premature. …

Nothing is to verbs as pronouns are to noun phrases. The definite pronouns he/she/it share reference with their nominal antecedents. Pro-verbs, however, are quite different -- they share meaning wit …

My preference is to make a distinction between "grammar" and "syntax" parallel to logicians' terms "morphology" and "logical syntax", where grammar tells you what sentences are in a language and syntax … This is my understanding of the way McCawley uses the terms in TSPE (and he disparages the study of "grammar"). …

So, in this sense, every grammar formalism must tell you about constituency (even dependency grammar). … Arc Pair Grammar (with Relational Grammar) gives graphs to describe the structure of phrases, and, as with dependency grammar, looking at an arc pair diagram, you don't see the constituents given explicitly …

Ross's description is phrased in terms of Transformational Grammar. … I'm thinking of Fillmore's Case Grammar, Gruber's thematic analysis, and Postal & Perlmutter's Relational Grammar. 2PSG is such a theory, and the "2" is a reference to the second, vertical dimension of …

I don't see the relevance of questions. There are declarative counterparts to all of your examples that are questions. The oddity of your example "Does Restaurant X have many people?" is duplicated …

For whatever interest it may have, however, there is an answer to the second question in a system I invented, which is like phrase structure grammar, but has variables and constants rather than nonterminal …